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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Urinary tract obstruction
In the lumen: stones, tumour, blood clots, sloughed renal papillae (NSAIDs, diabetes mellitus, sickle cell)
In the wall: stricture (ureteridurethral), defective peristalsis, neuropathic bladder Pressure from the outside: prostatidpelvic mass, retroperitoneal fibrosis, phimosis



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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.