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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vocal Cord Paralysis
• Cardiac surgery
• Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
• CNS abnormalities: hydrocephalus, Arnold-Chiari malformation, meningomyelocele
• Idiopathic
• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Neck surgery (parathyroid, thyroid, carotid endarterectomy, cervical spine)
• Neoplasm: primary or metastatic (e.g., lung, thyroid, parathyroid, mediastinum)
• Parkinsonism
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Toxic neuropathy
• Trauma (intubation, penetrating neck injury)
• Viral, bacterial, or fungal infection
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.