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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Volume Excess
PRIMARY RENAL SODIUM RETENTION (INCREASED
EFFECTIVE CIRCULATING VOLUME)
• Renal failure, nephritic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis
• Primary hyperaldosteronism
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Liver disease
SECONDARY RENAL SODIUM RETENTION (DECREASED
EFFECTIVE CIRCULATING VOLUME)
• Heart failure
• Liver disease
• Nephrotic syndrome (minimal change disease)
• Pregnancy
PRIMARY RENAL SODIUM RETENTION (INCREASED
EFFECTIVE CIRCULATING VOLUME)
• Renal failure, nephritic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis
• Primary hyperaldosteronism
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Liver disease
SECONDARY RENAL SODIUM RETENTION (DECREASED
EFFECTIVE CIRCULATING VOLUME)
• Heart failure
• Liver disease
• Nephrotic syndrome (minimal change disease)
• Pregnancy
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