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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Xerophthalmia
MEDICATIONS
• Tricyclic antidepressants: amitriptyline, doxepin
• Antihistamines: diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, promethazine, and many cold and decongestant preparations
• Anticholinergic agents: antiemetics such as scopolamine, antispasmodic agents such as oxybutynin chloride
ABNORMALITIES OF EYELID FUNCTION
• Neuromuscular disorders
• Aging
• Thyrotoxicosis
ABNORMALITIES OF TEAR PRODUCTION
• Hypovitaminosis A
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome
• Familial diseases affecting sebaceous secretions
ABNORMALITIES OF CORNEAL SURFACES
• Scarring from past injuries and herpes simplex infection
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