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Symptoms and Signs - White cell count
Neutrophils
Increased
Infection (bacterial)
Inflammation/connective tissue diseases/vasculitis
Tissue damage: trauma/surgery, burns, Ml
Haemorrhage/haemolysis (acute)
Myeloproliferative disease: polycythaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia Medication: steroids
Malignancy: particularly disseminated solid tumours and necrotic tumours
Decreased
As part of a pancytopenia (See Pancytopenia)
Infection: viral (e.g. hepatitis, HIV, influenza), typhoid; TB, brucellosis, kala-azar Drugs: e.g. sulfasalazine, sulphonamides, carbimazole, clozapine
Immune: autoimmune neutropenia, SLE, Felty's syndrome
Benign racial: black Africans
Congenital: Kostmann's syndrome
Eosinophils
Increased
Allergidatopic diseases (asthma, urticaria, eczema, hay fever, food allergy) Drug sensitivity (e.g. penicillin, sulphonamides)
Parasitic infections (e.g. amoebiasis, ascariasis, Ankylostoma duodenale,
schistosomiasis, Strongyloides stercoralis, trichinosis, tapeworm,
Toxocara sp.)
Recovery from acute infection
Skin diseases: psoriasis, pemphigus, dermatitis herpetiformis, scabies Pulmonary eosinophilia (Helminthic infections, allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, eosinophilic pneumonia,
hypereosinophilic syndrome)
Polyarteritis nodosa
Addison's disease
Hodgkin's disease and some other tumours, eosinophilic leukaemia
Lymphocytes
Increased
Infections, e.g. viral, toxoplasmosis, TB, brucellosis, pertussis
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, prolymphocytic leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic
leukaemia, hairy cell leukaemia, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Thyrotoxicosis
Reduced
Pancytopenia (e.g. marrow infiltration, chemotherapy/radiation) Infection: AIDS, legionnaires' disease
Steroids
SLE
Uraemia
Monocytes
Increased
Infection: TB, brucellosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, syphilis, typhoid, viral,
e.g. EBV, protozoa
Malignancy: chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia, AML (M4, M5), Hodgkin's
disease
Recovery phase of neutropenia
Basophils
Increased
Viral infections
Myeloproliferative disorders: polycythaemia rubra vera, chronic myeloid
leukaemia
Myxoedema
Ulcerative colitis
Urticaria
Urticaria pigmentosa/mastocytosis
Neutrophils
Increased
Infection (bacterial)
Inflammation/connective tissue diseases/vasculitis
Tissue damage: trauma/surgery, burns, Ml
Haemorrhage/haemolysis (acute)
Myeloproliferative disease: polycythaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia Medication: steroids
Malignancy: particularly disseminated solid tumours and necrotic tumours
Decreased
As part of a pancytopenia (See Pancytopenia)
Infection: viral (e.g. hepatitis, HIV, influenza), typhoid; TB, brucellosis, kala-azar Drugs: e.g. sulfasalazine, sulphonamides, carbimazole, clozapine
Immune: autoimmune neutropenia, SLE, Felty's syndrome
Benign racial: black Africans
Congenital: Kostmann's syndrome
Eosinophils
Increased
Allergidatopic diseases (asthma, urticaria, eczema, hay fever, food allergy) Drug sensitivity (e.g. penicillin, sulphonamides)
Parasitic infections (e.g. amoebiasis, ascariasis, Ankylostoma duodenale,
schistosomiasis, Strongyloides stercoralis, trichinosis, tapeworm,
Toxocara sp.)
Recovery from acute infection
Skin diseases: psoriasis, pemphigus, dermatitis herpetiformis, scabies Pulmonary eosinophilia (Helminthic infections, allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, eosinophilic pneumonia,
hypereosinophilic syndrome)
Polyarteritis nodosa
Addison's disease
Hodgkin's disease and some other tumours, eosinophilic leukaemia
Lymphocytes
Increased
Infections, e.g. viral, toxoplasmosis, TB, brucellosis, pertussis
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, prolymphocytic leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic
leukaemia, hairy cell leukaemia, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Thyrotoxicosis
Reduced
Pancytopenia (e.g. marrow infiltration, chemotherapy/radiation) Infection: AIDS, legionnaires' disease
Steroids
SLE
Uraemia
Monocytes
Increased
Infection: TB, brucellosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, syphilis, typhoid, viral,
e.g. EBV, protozoa
Malignancy: chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia, AML (M4, M5), Hodgkin's
disease
Recovery phase of neutropenia
Basophils
Increased
Viral infections
Myeloproliferative disorders: polycythaemia rubra vera, chronic myeloid
leukaemia
Myxoedema
Ulcerative colitis
Urticaria
Urticaria pigmentosa/mastocytosis
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