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Toxicology – Common Rat Poisons and How They Work
Bromethalin
Bromethalin disrupts energy production by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation within mitochondria, leading to cellular failure.
Strychnine
This toxin blocks glycine receptors in the central nervous system, resulting in severe, painful tonic–clonic seizures while the patient remains conscious.
Arsenic
Arsenic interferes with cellular energy production by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase, ultimately reducing ATP generation.
Phosphides
Phosphide compounds release phosphine gas upon contact with moisture, a highly toxic substance that disrupts cellular respiration.
Thallium
Thallium interferes with potassium-dependent processes, impairing mitochondrial function and disrupting muscle and nerve activity.
Barium
Barium blocks potassium channels, leading to significant electrolyte disturbances and neuromuscular dysfunction.
Coumarin-Like Anticoagulants
These rodenticides act as vitamin K antagonists, impairing clotting factor synthesis and increasing bleeding risk.
Indanediones
A class of anticoagulant rodenticides (e.g., diphacinone, chlorophacinone, pindone) that interfere with coagulation pathways.
Tetramine
Tetramine is a potent, irreversible GABA antagonist that leads to severe, refractory seizures.
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a highly toxic substance that causes direct cellular injury and organ damage.
Norbormide
Norbormide acts as a vasoconstrictor and calcium channel blocker, disrupting blood flow and cellular function.
Red Squill
Derived from a Mediterranean plant, red squill has cardiotoxic effects and has historically been used as a rodenticide.
ANTU (Alpha-Naphthylthiourea)
This compound causes pulmonary edema, particularly in rodents, leading to respiratory failure.
Bromethalin
Bromethalin disrupts energy production by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation within mitochondria, leading to cellular failure.
Strychnine
This toxin blocks glycine receptors in the central nervous system, resulting in severe, painful tonic–clonic seizures while the patient remains conscious.
Arsenic
Arsenic interferes with cellular energy production by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase, ultimately reducing ATP generation.
Phosphides
Phosphide compounds release phosphine gas upon contact with moisture, a highly toxic substance that disrupts cellular respiration.
Thallium
Thallium interferes with potassium-dependent processes, impairing mitochondrial function and disrupting muscle and nerve activity.
Barium
Barium blocks potassium channels, leading to significant electrolyte disturbances and neuromuscular dysfunction.
Coumarin-Like Anticoagulants
These rodenticides act as vitamin K antagonists, impairing clotting factor synthesis and increasing bleeding risk.
Indanediones
A class of anticoagulant rodenticides (e.g., diphacinone, chlorophacinone, pindone) that interfere with coagulation pathways.
Tetramine
Tetramine is a potent, irreversible GABA antagonist that leads to severe, refractory seizures.
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a highly toxic substance that causes direct cellular injury and organ damage.
Norbormide
Norbormide acts as a vasoconstrictor and calcium channel blocker, disrupting blood flow and cellular function.
Red Squill
Derived from a Mediterranean plant, red squill has cardiotoxic effects and has historically been used as a rodenticide.
ANTU (Alpha-Naphthylthiourea)
This compound causes pulmonary edema, particularly in rodents, leading to respiratory failure.
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