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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Carpal tunnel syndrome
Trauma, manual occupations
Rheumatoid arthritis
Pregnancy, oral contraception (fluid retention)
Osteoarthritis
Obesity
Myxoedema
Idiopathic
Fracture (local deformity)
Diabetes mellitus
Amyloidosis (e.g. 132-microglobulin related amyloidosis in chronic renal failure)
Acromegaly
(T Triglycerides can cause dysaethesias similar to carpal tunnel syndrome)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of  Breast pain
Malignancy
Infection (breast abscess, mastitis)
Fat necrosis
Duct ectasia
Cyclical breast pain
Chest wall pain: costochondritis, superficial thrombophlebitis
Breast pain continued
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Breathlessness
Acute {minutes)
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
Foreign body
Anxiety
Anaphylaxis

Subacute {hours)
Metabolic acidosis
Left ventricular failure (pulmonary oedema)
COPD
Chest infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, TB)
Asthma

Chronic {days-weeks)
Recurrent pulmonary emboli
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary fibrosis (cryptogenic, connective tissue diseases, drugs, environmental/ occupational lung disease)
Neuromuscular disorders, chest wall deformities
Lung cancer
Hepatorenal syndrome
COPD
Cirrhotic hydrothorax
Chest infection, bronchiectasis
Cardiac disease (heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular heart disease)
Asthma
Anaemia
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy
Bulbar palsy: cranial nerves {IX, X, XII) lesions at three different levels:
Nuclei (brainstem): vascular, infection (e.g. polio encephalitis), syringobulbia,
tumour
Nerve: motor neurone disease, meningeal infiltration, Guillain-Barre syndrome
Muscle: myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, polymyositis
Pseudobulbar palsy: bilateral UMN lesions to the lower brainstem
Vascular disease (involving both hemispheres)
Multiple sclerosis
Motor neurone disease
Malignancy
Extrapyramidal disease
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Bullous skin lesions
Pregnancy: herpes gestationis
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Pemphigus, pemphigoid
inflammatory bowel disease, internal malignancy, amyloidosis)
Infections: impetigo, cellulitis, viral (VZV, HSV, coxsackie), fungal (tinea pedis, 'id' reaction), scabies
Erythema multiforme
Epidermolysis bullosa congenita, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (associated with
Eczema (hand and foot)
Drugs
Diabetes
Dermatitis herpetiformis (associated with coeliac disease)
Bites (e.g. insect/snake), burns
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.