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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cheilitis (angular stomatitis)
Riboflavin deficiency
Overclosure of the mouth (e.g. without teeth or with dentures)
Lip-sucking
Iron deficiency anaemia
Contact dermatitis (e.g. lipsticks, pen-sucking)
Candidiasis
Riboflavin deficiency
Overclosure of the mouth (e.g. without teeth or with dentures)
Lip-sucking
Iron deficiency anaemia
Contact dermatitis (e.g. lipsticks, pen-sucking)
Candidiasis
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cherry red spot
metachromatic leukodystrophy
Lysosomal storage diseases: sialidosis, Tay-Sachs disease, Niemann-Pick disease,
CO poisoning
Central retinal artery occlusion (thrombosis, embolus, spasm, giant cell arteritis)
metachromatic leukodystrophy
Lysosomal storage diseases: sialidosis, Tay-Sachs disease, Niemann-Pick disease,
CO poisoning
Central retinal artery occlusion (thrombosis, embolus, spasm, giant cell arteritis)
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Chest pain
Cardiac large vessels: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, pericarditis, aortic
dissection, rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysm, bleeding into an atheroma
Respiratory: pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, pneumonia, connective tissue
diseases (e.g. SLE)
Gastrointestinal: reflux oesophagitis, oesophageal spasm, hiatus hernia, peptic
ulcer, pancreatitis
Musculoskeletal: Teitze's syndrome (costochondritis), fractured rib, Bornholm's
disease (Coxackie B virus infection, rare)
Neurological: herpes zoster, nerve root compression
Pleuritic chest pain
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
Pneumonia
Pericarditis
Connective tissue disease
Malignancy involving pleura, pathology under the diaphragm
Cardiac large vessels: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, pericarditis, aortic
dissection, rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysm, bleeding into an atheroma
Respiratory: pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, pneumonia, connective tissue
diseases (e.g. SLE)
Gastrointestinal: reflux oesophagitis, oesophageal spasm, hiatus hernia, peptic
ulcer, pancreatitis
Musculoskeletal: Teitze's syndrome (costochondritis), fractured rib, Bornholm's
disease (Coxackie B virus infection, rare)
Neurological: herpes zoster, nerve root compression
Pleuritic chest pain
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
Pneumonia
Pericarditis
Connective tissue disease
Malignancy involving pleura, pathology under the diaphragm
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on Chest X-ray
-TB
-Sarcoidosis
-Others: bronchial carcinoma, metastatic tumours, recurrent chest infections,
-Lymphoma
-AIDS, berylliosis, silicosis
-TB
-Sarcoidosis
-Others: bronchial carcinoma, metastatic tumours, recurrent chest infections,
-Lymphoma
-AIDS, berylliosis, silicosis
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Airspace/alveolar shadows
Pus (consolidation)
Fluid (pulmonary oedema)
Cells (lymphangitis carcinomatosis, alveolar cell carcinoma)
Blood (pulmonary haemorrhage)
Pus (consolidation)
Fluid (pulmonary oedema)
Cells (lymphangitis carcinomatosis, alveolar cell carcinoma)
Blood (pulmonary haemorrhage)
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Morphine
Leh ventricular failure
Brainstem lesions or compression (e.g. stroke, increased intracranial pressure)
Morphine
Leh ventricular failure
Brainstem lesions or compression (e.g. stroke, increased intracranial pressure)
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of White hemithorax
Pneumonectomy
Large pleural effusion
Congenital absence of lung/extensive hypoplasia
Collapse
Pneumonectomy
Large pleural effusion
Congenital absence of lung/extensive hypoplasia
Collapse
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Coin lesions on Chest X – Ray
Tumours: bronchial carcinoma, metastatic deposit, e.g. breast cancer, renal cell
carcinoma, hamartoma, adenoma, fibroma
Infection: pneumonia, TB, abscess, hydatid cyst
Infarction
Encysted pleual effusion
Rheumatoid nodule
Vasculitides (e.g. Wegener's granulomatosis)
AV malformation
Tumours: bronchial carcinoma, metastatic deposit, e.g. breast cancer, renal cell
carcinoma, hamartoma, adenoma, fibroma
Infection: pneumonia, TB, abscess, hydatid cyst
Infarction
Encysted pleual effusion
Rheumatoid nodule
Vasculitides (e.g. Wegener's granulomatosis)
AV malformation
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Reticulonodular shadows {classified according to the lung zones in which they commonly occur)
Upper zone: allergic bronchopulmoary aspergillosis, radiation, extrinsic allergic
alveolitis, ankylosing spondylitis, sarcoidosis, TB (commonest)
Middle zone: sarcoidosis
Lower zone: cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, drugs, asbestosis, rheumatoid
arthritis, scleroderma
Upper zone: allergic bronchopulmoary aspergillosis, radiation, extrinsic allergic
alveolitis, ankylosing spondylitis, sarcoidosis, TB (commonest)
Middle zone: sarcoidosis
Lower zone: cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, drugs, asbestosis, rheumatoid
arthritis, scleroderma
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Reticulonodular shadows
Pulmonary fibrosis:
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
Connective tissue diseases: scleroderma, SLE, sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis,
ankylosing spondylitis
Drugs (amiodarone, busulphan, bleomycin, nitrofurantoin), radiation
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (e.g. farmers' lung, bird fancier's lung, malt worker's
lung)
Pneumoconioses (coal workers' pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, silicosis, berylliosis)
Pulmonary fibrosis:
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
Connective tissue diseases: scleroderma, SLE, sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis,
ankylosing spondylitis
Drugs (amiodarone, busulphan, bleomycin, nitrofurantoin), radiation
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (e.g. farmers' lung, bird fancier's lung, malt worker's
lung)
Pneumoconioses (coal workers' pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, silicosis, berylliosis)
