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​Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Lichen Planus
• Bowen’s disease
• Candidiasis
• Chronic graft-versus-host disease
• Drug eruption
• Leukoplakia
• Lupus
• Psoriasis
• Scabies
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Secondary syphilis
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​Symptoms and Signs - Lichen Simplex Chronicus
• Atopic dermatitis
• Contact dermatitis
• Insect bite
• Lichen planus
• Nummular eczema
• Psoriasis
• Stasis dermatitis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis - Limp
• Abdominal pain (e.g., appendicitis, incarcerated hernia), testicular torsion
• Degenerative joint disease, osteochondritis dissecans, chondromalacia patellae
• Factitious, somatization syndrome
• Joint infection (septic arthritis, osteomyelitis), viral arthritis
• Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD)
• Neoplasm (local or metastatic)
• Osgood-Schlatter disease
• Other: diskitis, periostitis, sickle cell disease, hemophilia
• Polio, neuromuscular disorders, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Poorly fitting shoes, foreign body in shoe, unequal leg length
• Splinter in foot
• Trauma to extremities, vertebral disk, hips
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Limping, Pediatric Age
TODDLER (1–3 YEARS)
• Infection: septic arthritis (hip, knee), osteomyelitis, diskitis
• Occult trauma: toddler’s fracture
• Neoplasia
CHILDHOOD (4–10 YEARS)
• Infection: septic arthritis (hip, knee); osteomyelitis; diskitis;
transient synovitis, hip
• Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD)
• Tarsal coalition
• Rheumatologic disorder: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)
• Trauma
• Neoplasia
ADOLESCENCE (11+ YEARS)
• Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
• Rheumatologic disorder: JRA
• Trauma
• Tarsal coalition
• Hip dislocation (developmental dysplasia of the hip [DDH])
• Neoplasia
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Listeriosis
• Brain neoplasm or abscess
• Cerebral toxoplasmosis
• CNS sarcoidosis
• Lyme disease
• Meningitis caused by other bacteria, mycobacteria, or fungi
• Sarcoidosis
• Tuberculous and fungal (especially cryptococcal) meningitis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Livedo Reticularis
• Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
• Congenital
• Cryoglobulinemia, cryofibrinogenemia
• Drugs (quinine, quinidine, amantadine, catecholamines)
• Emboli (subacute bacterial endocarditis [SBE], left atrial myxoma, cholesterol emboli)
• Leukocytoclastic vasculitis
• Pancreatitis
• Physiologic (cutis marmorata)
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), dermatomyositis
• Thrombocythemia or polycythemia
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Liver Enzyme Elevation
• Alcohol abuse
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Chinese herbs
• Convulsions
• Dehydration (relative increase)
• Dermatomyositis or polymyositis
• Drugs (e.g., acetaminophen, statins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], fenofibrates, antibiotics, anabolic steroids, narcotics, heparin, labetalol, amiodarone,
• Eclampsia
• Hepatic congestion
• Infectious mononucleosis, sepsis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, HIV infection
• Liver disease (e.g., viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, Reye’s syndrome)
• Liver metastases
• Myocardial infarction (MI)
• Myocarditis
• Primary liver malignant disease
• Renal and pulmonary infarction
• Severe muscle trauma
chlorpromazine, phenytoin)

Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.