Medicine - kembara Xtra

Published on: March 20, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Kaposi’s Sarcoma
• Capillary hemangiomas
• Cutaneous lymphoma
• Dermatofibroma
• Granulation tissue
• Hematoma
• Melanoma
• Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
• Prurigo nodularis
• Pyogenic granuloma
• Stasis dermatitis

Published on: March 20, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Kawasaki’s Disease

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Kawasaki’s Disease
• Drug eruption
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Measles
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever
• Scarlet fever
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome
• Toxic shock syndrome

Published on: March 20, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Keloid

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Keloid
• Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
• Fibromatosis
• Hypertrophic scar
• Recurrence of original tumor
• Sarcoidosis
• Squamous cell carcinoma

Published on: March 20, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Keratitis, Noninfectious

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Keratitis, Noninfectious
• Atopic keratoconjunctivitis
• Chemical injury
• Collagen-vascular disease
• DM (delayed epithelial healing)
• Ectropion/entropion
• Erythema multiforme
• Exophthalmos
• Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
• Lid defects
• Mucous membrane pemphigoid
• Neuroparalytic (cranial nerve VII)
• Neurotrophic (diabetes, cranial nerve V)
• Thermal injury

Published on: March 20, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Keratoacanthoma

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Keratoacanthoma
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Seborrheic keratosis
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Wart

Published on: March 20, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Unilateral Kidney Enlargement

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Unilateral Kidney Enlargement
• Acute renal vein thrombosis
• Hydronephrosis (may be bilateral)
• Polycystic kidney (may be bilateral)
• Pyonephrosis (may be bilateral)
• Renal cell carcinoma
• Simple cyst of kidney

Published on: March 20, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Knee Pain

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Knee Pain
DIFFUSE
• Articular
• Anterior
• Prepatellar bursitis
• Patellar tendon enthesopathy
• Chondromalacia patellae
• Patellofemoral osteoarthritis
• Cruciate ligament injury
• Medial plica syndrome
MEDIAL
• Anserine bursitis
• Spontaneous osteonecrosis
• Osteoarthritis
• Medial meniscal tear
• Medial collateral ligament bursitis
• Referred pain from hip and L3
• Fibromyalgia
LATERAL
• Iliotibial band syndrome
• Meniscal cyst
• Lateral meniscal tear
• Collateral ligament
• Peroneal tenosynovitis
POSTERIOR
• Popliteal cyst (Baker’s cyst)
• Tendinitis
• Aneurysms, ganglions, sarcoma

Published on: March 20, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Knee Pain, in Different Age Groups

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Knee Pain, in Different Age Groups
Common causes of knee pain in different age groups:
CHILDHOOD (2–10 YEARS)
Intra-articular
• Juvenile arthritis
• Osteochondritis dissecans
• Infection
• Torn discoid meniscus
Periarticular
• Osteomyelitis
Referred
• Perthes’ disease
• Irritable hip
ADOLESCENCE (10–18 YEARS)
Intra-articular
• Osteochondritis dissecans
• Torn meniscus
• Anterior knee pain syndrome
• Patellar instability
Periarticular
• Osgood-Schlatter disease
• Sinding-Larsen-Johansson syndrome
• Osteomyelitis
• Bone tumors
Referred
• Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
EARLY ADULTHOOD (18–30 YEARS)
Intra-articular
• Torn meniscus
• Patellar instability
• Anterior knee pain syndrome
• Inflammatory arthritis
Periarticular
• Ligament injuries
• Bursitis
ADULTHOOD (30–50 YEARS)
Intra-articular
• Degenerate meniscal tears
• Osteoarthritis
• Inflammatory arthritis
Periarticular
• Bursitis
Referred
• Osteoarthritis of hip
• Spinal disorders
OLD AGE (>50 YEARS)
Intra-articular
• Osteoarthritis
• Inflammatory arthritis
Referred
• Osteoarthritis of hip
• Spinal disorders

Published on: March 20, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
• Factitious hyponatremia (hyperglycemia, abnormal proteins, hyperlipidemia)
• Hyponatremia associated with hypervolemia (congestive heart failure [CHF], cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome)
• Hypovolemia associated with hypovolemia (e.g., burns, GI fluid loss)

Published on: March 20, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Inclusion Body Myositis

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Inclusion Body Myositis
• AIDS
• Alcoholic myopathy
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Hypophosphatemia
• Hypothyroidism
• Muscular dystrophy
• Myasthenia gravis, Eaton-Lambert syndrome
• Polymyositis
• Trichinosis