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​Symptoms and Signs - Differential Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis
• Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; community-acquired pneumonias caused by Mycoplasma and Chlamydia; other fungal diseases, such as Blastomyces dermatitidis and Coccidioides immitis
• Chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis: M. tuberculosis
• Histoplasmomas: true neoplasms
• Intracellular parasites of Leishmania and Toxoplasma species: distinguishable by inability to take up methenamine silver
• Yeast forms of histoplasmosis on tissue section: cysts of Pneumocystis jiroveci, which tend to be larger, are extracellular, and do not display budding
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Histrionic Personality
• Antisocial personality disorder
• Borderline personality disorder
• Dependent personality disorder
• Narcissistic personality disorder
• Personality change secondary to general medical condition
• Symptoms may develop in association with chronic substance abuse.
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of HIV Infection, Anorectal Lesions
• Abscess and fistula
• Anal fissure
• Chancroid
• Chlamydia
• Condylomata acuminata
• Gonorrhea
• Hemorrhoids
• Herpes
• Infectious: TB, cytomegalovirus (CMV), actinomycosis, cryptococcosis
• Neoplastic: lymphoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma
• Other: idiopathic and ulcer HIV Infection, Chest Radiographic
• Pilonidal disease
• Pruritus ani
• Syphilis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of HIV Infection, Chest Radiographic Abnormalities
DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL INFILTRATION
• Pneumocystis jiroveci
• Cytomegalovirus
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mycobacterium avium complex
• Histoplasmosis
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis
FOCAL CONSOLIDATION
• Bacterial pneumonia
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• P. jiroveci
• M. tuberculosis
• M. avium complex
NODULAR LESIONS
• Kaposi’s sarcoma
• M. tuberculosis
• M. avium complex
• Fungal lesions
• Toxoplasmosis
CAVITARY LESIONS
• P. jiroveci
• M. tuberculosis
• Bacterial infection
PLEURAL EFFUSION
• Kaposi’s sarcoma
• Small effusion may be associated with any infection.
ADENOPATHY
• Kaposi’s sarcoma
• Lymphoma
• M. tuberculosis
• Cryptococcus
PNEUMOTHORAX
• Kaposi’s sarcoma
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of  Hepatitis B
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Brucellosis
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
• Drug-induced liver disease
• Herpes simplex virus infection
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Ischemic hepatitis
• Leptospirosis
• Other hepatitis virus (A, C, D, E)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of  Hepatitis C
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Brucellosis
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
• Drug-induced liver disease
• Herpes simplex virus infection
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Ischemic hepatitis
• Leptospirosis
• Other hepatitis virus (A, B, D, E)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of  Hepatitis D
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Brucellosis
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
• Drug-induced liver disease
• Herpes simplex virus infection
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Ischemic hepatitis
• Leptospirosis
• Other hepatitis virus (A, B, C, E)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of  Hepatitis E
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Brucellosis
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
• Drug-induced liver disease
• Herpes simplex virus infection
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Ischemic hepatitis
• Leptospirosis
• Other hepatitis virus (A, B, C, D)
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Symptoms and Signs - ​Differential Diagnosis of Hepatomegaly
• Alcoholic fatty infiltration
• Alcoholic hepatitis
• Amyloidosis
• Biliary cirrhosis
• Budd-Chiari syndrome
• Carcinoma: liver, pancreas, bile ducts, metastatic neoplasm to liver
• Cholangitis
• Cirrhosis
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type I
• Hemochromatosis with cirrhosis
• Infectious hepatitis
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Leukemia
• Liver abscess
• Lymphoma
• Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
• Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
• Obstruction of common bile duct
• Other: amebiasis, hydatid disease of liver, schistosomiasis, kalaazar (Leishmania donovani), Hurler’s syndrome, Gaucher’s disease, kwashiorkor
• Sarcoidosis
• Toxic hepatitis
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.