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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of  Goodpasture’s Syndrome
• Wegener’s granulomatosis
• Systemic necrotizing vasculitis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
• Drug-induced renal pulmonary disease (e.g., penicillamine)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Gastric Emptying, Delayed
• Brainstem tumors
• Drugs: anticholinergics, β-adrenergics, opiates
• Duodenal or pyloric channel ulcer
• Electrolyte imbalance: hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia
• Gastric pacemaker (i.e., tachygastria)
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Idiopathic
• Metabolic disorders: diabetes mellitus (DM), hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, pregnancy
• Neuromuscular disorders (myotonic dystrophy, autonomic neuropathy, scleroderma, polymyositis)
• Psychiatric disorders: anorexia nervosa, psychogenic vomiting
• Pyloric stricture
• Tumor of the distal stomach
• Vagotomy
• Viral infections
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​ Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Flank Pain
• Urolithiasis
• Renal vein thrombosis
• Renal infarction
• Renal abscess
• Radicular/muscular
• Pyelonephritis
• Herpes zoster
• Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Flatulence and Bloating
disease, bacterial overgrowth in small intestine
• Malabsorption: pancreatic insufficiency, biliary disease, celiac
• Lactase deficiency
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Ingestion of nonabsorbable carbohydrates
• Ingestion of carbonated beverages
• Food poisoning, giardiasis
• Anxiety disorders
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Flushing
• Agnogenic flushing
• Anxiety
• Drugs: alcohol (with or without disulfiram, metronidazole, or chlorpropamide), nicotinic acid, diltiazem, nifedipine, levodopa, bromocriptine, vancomycin, amyl nitrate
• Neoplastic disorders: carcinoid syndrome, VIPoma syndrome, medullary carcinoma of thyroid, systemic mastocytosis, basophilic chronic myelocytic leukemia, renal cell carcinoma
• Physiologic flushing: menopause, ingestion of monosodium glutamate (Chinese restaurant syndrome), ingestion of hot drinks
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.