Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Right iliac fossa (RIF) Abdominal Pain 
Gastrointestinal: appendicitis, mesenteric adenitis (Yersinia, in children), Meckel's diverticulum (in children), inflammatory bowel disease, colonic cancer, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome
Pain from adjacent areas: suprapubic, central abdominal pain, groin pain, hip pathology, psoas abscess, rectus sheath haematoma, right-sided lobar pneumonia
Renal: UTI, ureteric colic (renal stones)
Reproductive: Females: Mittelschmerz (ovulation), ovarian cyst tortion/rupture/ haemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy, salpingitis/pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis. Males: seminal vesiculitis, cancer in undescended testis
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Left iliac fossa (LIF) Abdominal Pain 
constipation, irritable bowel syndrome
Gastrointestinal: diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, colonic cancer,
Pain from adjacent areas:suprapubic, central abdominal, hip pathology,
psoas abscess, rectus sheath haematoma, left-sided lobar pneumonia
Renal pain 
Reproductive pain 
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Abdominal Pain 
Central abdominal (periumbilical)
Colonic cancer (splenic flexure)
Gastrointestinal: intestinal obstruction, early appendicitis, gastroenteritis
Herpes zoster
Medical causes, e.g. diabetic ketoacidosis, uraemia
Pain from adjacent areas, e.g. epigastric, iliac fossae
Pain from adjacent areas: See epigastric (e.g. pancreatitis, peptic ulcer}, Left iliac Fossa pain , loin pain, cardiadpulmonary/pleural pathology, e.g. Ml, pericarditis, pneumonia, empyema, pulmonary infarction
Splenic rupture, splenic infarction (e.g. sickle cell disease), splenomegaly
Subphrenic abscess
Vascular: abdominal aortic aneurysm (leaking, ruptured), mesenteric ischaemia (thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, e.g. polyarteritis nodosa)
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Loin pain
Infection: UTI (pyelonephritis), perinephric abscess/pyonephrosis Obstruction, e.g. renal stones 
Pain from vertebral column
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal carcinoma
Renal vein thrombosis
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Groin pain
Diffuse abdominal pain
Gastroenteritis
Hernia (inguinal)
Hip pathology
Inflammatory bowel disease
Intestinal obstruction
Irritable bowel syndrome
Medical causes (see below)
Mesenteric ischaemia
Pelvic fractures
Peritonitis
Renal stones (pain radiating from loin to groin)
Testicular pain, e.g. torsion, epididymo-orchitis (pain radiating from scrotum to groin)
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Medical causes of Abdominal Pain 
CVS/Respiratory: Ml, pneumonia, Bornholm's disease (Coxsackie B virus infection,rare)
Haematological: sickle cell crisis, retroperitoneal haemorrhage (e.g. anticoagulants), lymphadenopathy
Infections: intestinal parasites, tuberculosis, malaria, typhoid fever
Inflammatory: vasculitis (e.g. Henoch-Sch6nlein purpura, polyarteritis nodosa), familial Mediterranean fever
Irritable bowel syndrome
Metabolic: diabetic ketoacidosis, Addisonian crisis, hypercalcaemia, uraemia, porphyria, phaeochromocytoma, lead poisoning
Neurological: Herpes zoster, tabes dorsalis
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Abdominal distension
Faeces
Fat (obesity}
Fetus
Flatus (intestinal obstruction such as Small bowel: adhesions, herniae, intussusception, Crohn's disease, gallstone ileus, foreign body, tumour, tuberculosis. Large bowel: cancer, volvulus, diverticulitis, faeces )
Fluid (ascites, fluid in the obstructed intestine)
Giant organomegaly (e.g. an ovarian cystadenoma, lymphoma)
Picture

Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.