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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of  Acanthocytosis
Abetalipoproteinaemia (associated with retinitis pigmentosa, neurological deficits)
Anorexia
Artifact (blood collected in EDTA tube)
Chorea-acanthocytosis syndrome
Chronic renal failure
Hyposplenism
Hypothyroidism
Liver failure
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Xerostomia
MEDICATIONS
• Tricyclic antidepressants: amitriptyline, doxepin
• Antihistamines: diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, promethazine, and many cold and decongestant preparations
• Anticholinergic agents: antiemetics such as scopolamine, antispasmodic agents such as oxybutynin chloride
DEHYDRATION
• Debility
• Fever
POLYURIA
• Alcohol intake
• Arrhythmia
• Diabetes
PREVIOUS HEAD AND NECK IRRADIATION
SYSTEMIC DISEASES
• Sjögren’s syndrome
• Sarcoidosis
• Amyloidosis
• HIV infection
• Graft-versus-host disease
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Zenker’s Diverticulum
• Achalasia
• CNS disorders (stroke, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS], multiple sclerosis [MS], myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophies)
• Dermatomyositis
• Esophageal carcinoma
• Esophageal spasm
• Esophageal webs
• Foreign bodies
• Infection
• Lower esophageal (Schatzki’s) ring
• Peptic stricture
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Wheezing, Pediatric Age
• “Hysterical” glottic closure
• Aspiration
• Asthmatic bronchitis
• Atopic asthma
• Bronchiolitis obliterans
• Cardiac failure
• Cigarette smoke, other environmental insults
• Cystic fibrosis
• Endobronchial masses
• Enlarged lymph node
• Exercise-induced asthma
• Extrinsic compression of airways
• Food, saliva, gastric contents
• Foreign body
• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Infection-associated airway reactivity
• Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft
• Lung cysts
• Mediastinal tumor
• Other hypersensitivity reactions: hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tropical eosinophilia, visceral larva migrans, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
• Pharyngeal incoordination or neuromuscular weakness
• Primary ciliary dyskinesia
• Pulmonary hemosiderosis
• Reactive airways disease
• Salicylate-induced asthma and nasal polyposis
• Sequelae of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
• Tracheobronchomalacia
• Tracheoesophageal fistula, H type
• Vascular ring
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Whiplash
• Cervical disk disease
• Fibrositis
• Migraine headache
• Neuritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Spinal cord tumor
• Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome
• Tension headache
• Torticollis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Whipple’s Disease
MALABSORPTION/MALDIGESTION
• Celiac disease
• Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare intestinal infection in patients
with AIDS
• Intestinal lymphoma
• Abetalipoproteinemia
• Amyloidosis
• Systemic mastocytosis
• Irradiation enteritis
• Crohn’s disease
• Short bowel syndrome
• Pancreatic insufficiency
• Intestinal bacterial overgrowth
• Lactose deficiency
• Postgastrectomy syndrome
• Other cause of diarrhea
SERONEGATIVE INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS
PERICARDITIS AND PLEURITIS
LYMPHADENITIS
NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.