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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Schizophrenia
• Any medical condition, medicine, or substance of abuse that can affect brain homeostasis and cause psychosis: distinguished from schizophrenia by its relatively brief course and the alteration in mental status that could suggest an underlying delirium
• Autism in the adult: has an early age at onset and lacks significant hallucinations or delusions
• Delusional disorder: has nonbizarre delusions and lacks the thought disturbance, hallucinations, and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
• Mood disorders with psychosis: indistinguishable from schizophrenia cross-sectionally but have a longitudinal course that includes full recovery
• Other neurologic conditions (e.g., Huntington’s) that have psychosis as the initial presentation
• Other psychiatric disorders: source of greatest confusion
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Scleroderma
DERMATOLOGIC
• Mycosis fungoides
• Amyloidosis
• Porphyria cutanea tarda
• Eosinophilic fasciitis
• Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
SYSTEMIC
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Primary pulmonary hypertension
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Cardiomyopathies
• GI dysmotility problems
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and overlap syndromes 
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Scrotal Pain
• Hydrocele
• Incarcerated hernia
• Infection: orchitis, abscess, epididymitis
• Neoplasia: benign, malignant
• Spermatocele
• Torsion: appendages, spermatic cord
• Trauma
• Varicocele
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Scrotal Swelling
• Acute epididymitis
• Folliculitis
• Hernia
• Hydrocele
• Insect bite
• Neoplasm
• Orchitis
• Other: lymphedema, dermatitis, fat necrosis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, idiopathic scrotal edema
• Sebaceous cyst
• Thrombosis of spermatic vein
• Torsion of epididymis
• Torsion of spermatic cord
• Torsion of testis
• Trauma
• Varicocele
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Seasonal Affective Disorder
• Bipolar affective disorder
• Evaluate for substance use (especially alcohol)
• Major depressive disorder
• Medical illness or medications that may contribute to depression (e.g., endocrine disorders, neurologic disease)
• Minor depression or adjustment disorder
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of  Allergic Rhinitis
• Infections (sinusitis; viral, bacterial, or fungal rhinitis)
• Rhinitis medicamentosa (cocaine, sympathomimetic nasal drops)
• Septal obstruction (e.g., deviated septum), nasal polyps, nasal neoplasms
• Systemic diseases (e.g., Wegener’s granulomatosis, hypothyroidism [rare])
• Vasomotor rhinitis (e.g., secondary to air pollutants)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Right Axis Deviation
• Dextrocardia
• Lateral myocardial infarction
• Left posterior fascicular block
• Mechanical shifts or emphysema causing a vertical heart
• Normal variation
• Pulmonary embolism
• Right ventricular hypertrophy
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.