- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Brown Urine
• Use of multivitamin supplements
• Urinary tract infection
• Myoglobin
• Medications (antimalarials, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, levodopa, methyldopa, phenazopyridine)
• Diet rich in fava beans
• Concentrated urine
• Bile pigments
• Use of multivitamin supplements
• Urinary tract infection
• Myoglobin
• Medications (antimalarials, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, levodopa, methyldopa, phenazopyridine)
• Diet rich in fava beans
• Concentrated urine
• Bile pigments
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Bruising
• Alcohol abuse
• Coagulation factor deficiencies
• Cushing’s disease
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
• Leukemia
• Marfan syndrome
• Medication induced (warfarin, aspirin, NSAIDs, prednisone)
• Physical abuse
• Platelet disorders
• Purpura simplex
• Senile purpura
• Vasculitis
• Vitamin C deficiency
• Alcohol abuse
• Coagulation factor deficiencies
• Cushing’s disease
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
• Leukemia
• Marfan syndrome
• Medication induced (warfarin, aspirin, NSAIDs, prednisone)
• Physical abuse
• Platelet disorders
• Purpura simplex
• Senile purpura
• Vasculitis
• Vitamin C deficiency
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Bruxism
• Temporomandibular joint disorders
• Oral motor disorders
• Malocclusion
• Dental compression syndrome
• Chronic orofacial pain disorders
• Anxiety disorder
• Temporomandibular joint disorders
• Oral motor disorders
• Malocclusion
• Dental compression syndrome
• Chronic orofacial pain disorders
• Anxiety disorder
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Budd-Chiari Syndrome
• Viral hepatitis
• Toxic hepatitis
• Shock liver/ischemic hepatitis
• Perforated viscus
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Pancreatitis
• Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
• Cirrhosis of other etiologies: Wilson’s disease, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, autoimmune
• Cholecystitis
• Cardiac cirrhosis (i.e., chronic right-sided heart failure)
• Alcoholic hepatitis
• Alcoholic cirrhosis
• Viral hepatitis
• Toxic hepatitis
• Shock liver/ischemic hepatitis
• Perforated viscus
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Pancreatitis
• Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
• Cirrhosis of other etiologies: Wilson’s disease, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, autoimmune
• Cholecystitis
• Cardiac cirrhosis (i.e., chronic right-sided heart failure)
• Alcoholic hepatitis
• Alcoholic cirrhosis
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Bulimia
• Brain neoplasms
• GI disorders
• Neurologic disorders (seizures, Kleine-Levin syndrome, Klüver-Bucy syndrome)
• Psychogenic vomiting
• Schizophrenia
• Brain neoplasms
• GI disorders
• Neurologic disorders (seizures, Kleine-Levin syndrome, Klüver-Bucy syndrome)
• Psychogenic vomiting
• Schizophrenia
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Bullous Diseases
• Pemphigus vulgaris
• Pemphigus foliaceus
• Paraneoplastic pemphigus
• Linear IgA bullous dermatosis
• Impetigo
• Herpes gestationis
• Erythema multiforme
• Erosive lichen planus
• Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
• Dermatitis herpetiformis
• Cicatricial pemphigoid
• Bullous pemphigoid
• Pemphigus vulgaris
• Pemphigus foliaceus
• Paraneoplastic pemphigus
• Linear IgA bullous dermatosis
• Impetigo
• Herpes gestationis
• Erythema multiforme
• Erosive lichen planus
• Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
• Dermatitis herpetiformis
• Cicatricial pemphigoid
• Bullous pemphigoid
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Bullous Pemphigoid
• Cicatricial pemphigoid
• Drug eruptions
• Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
• Erythema multiforme
• Herpes gestationis
• Pemphigoid nodularis
• Pemphigus
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Cicatricial pemphigoid
• Drug eruptions
• Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
• Erythema multiforme
• Herpes gestationis
• Pemphigoid nodularis
• Pemphigus
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Burning Mouth Syndrome
• Nutritional deficiency in zinc, iron, or folate or vitamins B1, B2, B6, B9, B12
• Mucosal disease such as lichen planus or candidiasis
• Medication effect
• Dry mouth from Sjögren’s syndrome or after chemotherapy or radiation therapy
• Cranial nerve injury
• Nutritional deficiency in zinc, iron, or folate or vitamins B1, B2, B6, B9, B12
• Mucosal disease such as lichen planus or candidiasis
• Medication effect
• Dry mouth from Sjögren’s syndrome or after chemotherapy or radiation therapy
• Cranial nerve injury
- Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Burns
• Anthrax
• Bullous erysipelas
• Carbuncle/furuncle
• Cellulitis/abscess
• Insect bite (spider bite)
• Anthrax
• Bullous erysipelas
• Carbuncle/furuncle
• Cellulitis/abscess
• Insect bite (spider bite)
- Published on
Dermatology - Body Lice
Clothes is where body lice live, deposit their eggs, and then remove the eggs to feed on a human host. Body lice can only endure few hours apart from their human host. Interestingly, they are carriers of numerous systemic illnesses.
On the trunk and extremities, there are solitary or clustered papules (typically less than 1 cm) or papulovesicles. Scratching and rubbing can cause secondary changes such as lichen simplex, eczema, and excoriations. Excoriations are frequent, painful erosions that may become secondary infections, and they can heal with elevated or depressed scars and/or hyper- or hypopigmentation, particularly in darker-pigmented people.
Finding lice in textile seams is how the diagnosis is made. Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, scabies, and severe cutaneous medication reactions are all included in the differential.
To delouse the patient, apply topical insecticides such as malathion, pyrethrin, or permethrin.
Teach patients how to clean their clothes and bedding by washing them in hot water with a lot of soap and changing their bedding frequently. For severe itching, apply strong topical glucocorticoids for a brief period of time. Additionally, keep an eye out for any systemic or secondary cutaneous diseases brought on by lice.
Clothes is where body lice live, deposit their eggs, and then remove the eggs to feed on a human host. Body lice can only endure few hours apart from their human host. Interestingly, they are carriers of numerous systemic illnesses.
On the trunk and extremities, there are solitary or clustered papules (typically less than 1 cm) or papulovesicles. Scratching and rubbing can cause secondary changes such as lichen simplex, eczema, and excoriations. Excoriations are frequent, painful erosions that may become secondary infections, and they can heal with elevated or depressed scars and/or hyper- or hypopigmentation, particularly in darker-pigmented people.
Finding lice in textile seams is how the diagnosis is made. Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, scabies, and severe cutaneous medication reactions are all included in the differential.
To delouse the patient, apply topical insecticides such as malathion, pyrethrin, or permethrin.
Teach patients how to clean their clothes and bedding by washing them in hot water with a lot of soap and changing their bedding frequently. For severe itching, apply strong topical glucocorticoids for a brief period of time. Additionally, keep an eye out for any systemic or secondary cutaneous diseases brought on by lice.
