Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pituitary Adenoma
PROLACTINOMA
• Pregnancy
• Postpartum puerperium
• Primary hypothyroidism
• Breast disease
• Breast stimulation
• Drug ingestion (especially phenothiazines, antidepressants, haloperidol, methyldopa, reserpine, opiates, amphetamines, and cimetidine)
• Chronic renal failure
• Liver disease
• Polycystic ovary disease
• Chest wall disorders
• Spinal cord lesions
• Previous cranial irradiation
ACROMEGALY
• Ectopic production of GH-releasing hormone from a carcinoid or other neuroendocrine tumor
CUSHING’S DISEASE
• Diseases that cause ectopic sources of ACTH overproduction (including small cell carcinoma of the lung, bronchial carcinoid, intestinal carcinoid, pancreatic islet cell tumor, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma)
• Adrenal adenomas, adrenal carcinoma
• Nelson’s syndrome
THYROTROPIN-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMAS
• Primary hypothyroidism
NONSECRETORY PITUITARY ADENOMA
• Non-neoplastic mass lesions of various etiologies (e.g., infectious, granulomatous)
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pityriasis Rosea
• Viral exanthem
• Tinea versicolor (the lesions are more brown and the borders are not as ovoid)
• Tinea corporis (can be ruled out by potassium hydroxide examination)
• Secondary syphilis (absence of herald patch, positive serologic test result for syphilis)
• Psoriasis
• Nummular eczema
• Lichen planus
• Eczema
• Drug eruption
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Peritoneal Effusion
TRANSUDATES
Increased Hydrostatic Pressure or Decreased Plasma
Oncotic Pressure
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Hepatic cirrhosis
• Hypoproteinemia
EXUDATES
Increased Capillary Permeability or Decreased
Lymphatic Resorption
• Infections (TB, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, secondary
bacterial peritonitis)
• Neoplasms (hepatoma, metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma,
mesothelioma)
• Trauma
• Pancreatitis
• Bile peritonitis (e.g., ruptured gallbladder)
CHYLOUS EFFUSION
Damage or Obstruction to Thoracic Duct
• Trauma
• Lymphoma
• Carcinoma
• Tuberculosis
• Parasitic infection
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Secondary Peritonitis
• Urologic: nephrolithiasis, interstitial cystitis
• Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
• Postoperative: abscess, sepsis, bowel obstruction, injury to internal organs
• Miscellaneous: abdominal trauma, penetrating wounds, infections secondary to intraperitoneal dialysis
• Gynecologic: ruptured ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ruptured hemorrhagic ovarian cyst, ovarian torsion, degenerating leiomyoma
• Gastrointestinal: perforated viscus, appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), infectious colitis, diverticulitis, acute cholecystitis, peptic ulcer perforation, pancreatitis, bowel obstruction
Picture

Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.