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Symptoms and Signs - ​Differential Diagnosis of Right Atrium Enlargement 
• Tricuspid stenosis
• Tricuspid regurgitation
• Sinus of Valsalva fistula
• Right ventricular failure
• Right atrial myxoma
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Endomyocardial fibrosis
• Ebstein’s anomaly
• Atrial septal defect
• Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
• Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the right atrium
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Symptoms and Signs - Differential Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• School and behavioral problems are associated with a learning disability (these disorders often coexist)
• In early childhood, may be difficult to distinguish from normal active children
• Bipolar disorder may be confused with ADHD, but it can bedistinguished by the episodic nature of bipolar illness and the pervasive presence of ADHD
• ADHD may overlap symptoms in children with disruptive behavior, such as conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorders
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​Symptoms and Signs - Differential Diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder
• Rett’s syndrome: occurs in females; exhibits head growth deceleration, loss of previously acquired motor skills, and incoordination
• Isolated symptoms of autism: when occurring in isolation, defined as disorders (i.e., selective mutism, expressive language disorder, mixed receptive-expressive language disorder, or stereotypic movement disorder)
• Childhood-onset schizophrenia: follows period of normal development
• Childhood disintegration disorder: development normal until the age of 2 years, followed by regression
• Asperger’s syndrome: lacks the language developmental abnormalities of autism
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Symptoms and Signs - ​Differential Diagnosis of AV Nodal Block
• Trauma (including cardiac surgical procedures)
• Sclerodegenerative processes (e.g., Lev’s disease with calcification of the mitral and aortic annuli)
• Myocarditis
• Medications (e.g., digoxin, b-blockers, calcium channel blockers, class III antiarrhythmics)
• Infiltrative diseases (e.g., hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis)
• Infections (endocarditis, Lyme disease)
• Idiopathic fibrosis (Lenègre’s disease)
• Electrolyte abnormalities (e.g., hyperkalemia)
• Collagen-vascular diseases
• AV node radiofrequency ablation procedure
• Aortic root diseases (e.g., spondylitis)
• Acute inferior wall MI
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Symptoms and Signs - ​Differential Diagnosis of Babesiosis
• Salmonellosis, including typhoid fever
• Malaria
• Leptospirosis
• Hepatic abscess
• Hemorrhagic fever
• Ehrlichiosis
• Amebiasis
• Acute viral hepatitis
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​Symptoms and Signs - Differential Diagnosis of Arthritis and Abdominal Pain
• Whipple’s disease
• Viral syndrome
• Vasculitis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Scleroderma
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
• Polyarteritis nodosa
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Familial Mediterranean fever
• Chronic hepatitis C
• Celiac disease
• Blind loop syndrome
• Behçet’s disease
• Amyloidosis
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​Symptoms and Signs - Differential Diagnosis of Arthritis and Diarrhea
• Whipple’s disease
• Viral syndrome
• Spondyloarthropathy
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Hyperthyroidism
• Enterogenic (bacterial) reactive arthritis
• Collagenous colitis
• Celiac disease
• Blind loop syndrome
• Behçet’s disease
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Symptoms and Signs - Differential Diagnosis of Arthritis and Eye Lesions
• Whipple’s disease
• Wegener’s granulomatosis
• Takayasu’s arteritis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
• Sjögren’s syndrome
• Scleroderma
• Sarcoidosis
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)
• Reactive arthritis
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Lyme disease
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Giant cell arteritis
• Behçet’s syndrome
• Ankylosing spondylitis
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.