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KembaraXtra-Psychology - auditory spectrum
Auditory spectrum is another name for audibility range, by analogy with the visible light spectrum.
Auditory spectrum is another name for audibility range, by analogy with the visible light spectrum.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - auditory receptive field
An auditory receptive field is the spatial region around the head from which sounds elicit responses in a particular auditory neuron. Research on barn owls—known for exceptionally precise sound localization—shows neurons in auditory cortex and midbrain can be tuned to very specific spatial areas, paralleling receptive-field concepts.
An auditory receptive field is the spatial region around the head from which sounds elicit responses in a particular auditory neuron. Research on barn owls—known for exceptionally precise sound localization—shows neurons in auditory cortex and midbrain can be tuned to very specific spatial areas, paralleling receptive-field concepts.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attention operating characteristic
An attention operating characteristic (AOC) is a form of performance operating characteristic used in attention research, graphing performance on one task against performance on another when both are performed at the same time and attention is periodically shifted between them.
An attention operating characteristic (AOC) is a form of performance operating characteristic used in attention research, graphing performance on one task against performance on another when both are performed at the same time and attention is periodically shifted between them.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
ADHD is a DSM-5 neurodevelopmental disorder affecting roughly about 5% of children and about 2.5% of adults, more frequent in boys than girls, defined by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Symptoms begin before age 12 and cause impairment across settings (school/work/home), with inattention showing up as poor persistence, drifting off task, and loss of focus; hyperactivity as fidgeting, tapping, unnecessary running about, and restlessness; and impulsivity as hasty decisions, risky behaviour, intrusiveness, and preference for immediate over delayed gratification. Presentations include predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined types, and the condition has substantial heritability. It is no longer viewed primarily as an “attention disorder,” but as a developmental difficulty involving inhibition and self-control linked to brain regions such as the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis, which communicate via dopamine and may be smaller in affected individuals. It has also been called ADD and minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), relates to treatments such as atomoxetine and methylphenidate, and is compared with hyperkinesis, hyperkinetic disorders, intermittent explosive disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder.
ADHD is a DSM-5 neurodevelopmental disorder affecting roughly about 5% of children and about 2.5% of adults, more frequent in boys than girls, defined by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Symptoms begin before age 12 and cause impairment across settings (school/work/home), with inattention showing up as poor persistence, drifting off task, and loss of focus; hyperactivity as fidgeting, tapping, unnecessary running about, and restlessness; and impulsivity as hasty decisions, risky behaviour, intrusiveness, and preference for immediate over delayed gratification. Presentations include predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined types, and the condition has substantial heritability. It is no longer viewed primarily as an “attention disorder,” but as a developmental difficulty involving inhibition and self-control linked to brain regions such as the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis, which communicate via dopamine and may be smaller in affected individuals. It has also been called ADD and minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), relates to treatments such as atomoxetine and methylphenidate, and is compared with hyperkinesis, hyperkinetic disorders, intermittent explosive disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attentional dyslexia
Attentional dyslexia is a rare dyslexia type in which a person can read single words or name single letters presented alone normally, but struggles when two or more words or letters are shown at the same time, indicating difficulty handling simultaneous visual-verbal items; it is linked with hyperlexia.
Attentional dyslexia is a rare dyslexia type in which a person can read single words or name single letters presented alone normally, but struggles when two or more words or letters are shown at the same time, indicating difficulty handling simultaneous visual-verbal items; it is linked with hyperlexia.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attention
Attention is sustained concentration on selected stimuli, thoughts, sensations, or activities, enabling limited-capacity information-processing systems to manage the enormous amount of available input from the senses and memory. It is studied through many phenomena and models (e.g., filter and bottleneck theories, cocktail party effects, controlled vs automatic processing, inattentional blindness, visual search), and is contrasted with related notions such as attensity and consciousness; the word derives from Latin for “stretching toward” or applying the mind.
Attention is sustained concentration on selected stimuli, thoughts, sensations, or activities, enabling limited-capacity information-processing systems to manage the enormous amount of available input from the senses and memory. It is studied through many phenomena and models (e.g., filter and bottleneck theories, cocktail party effects, controlled vs automatic processing, inattentional blindness, visual search), and is contrasted with related notions such as attensity and consciousness; the word derives from Latin for “stretching toward” or applying the mind.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attributive
Attributive describes an adjective or adjectival phrase used inside the noun phrase it modifies (e.g., “the good terrorist”), as opposed to predicative use (e.g., “the terrorist is good”), with the term rooted in Latin.
Attributive describes an adjective or adjectival phrase used inside the noun phrase it modifies (e.g., “the good terrorist”), as opposed to predicative use (e.g., “the terrorist is good”), with the term rooted in Latin.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attribution theory
Attribution theory explains how people infer causes of behaviour, showing that we tend to attribute behaviour to internal dispositions when it seems unlike how others would act in the same situation but consistent with the person’s behaviour across many situations, whereas we tend to infer situational causes when the behaviour seems typical for the situation and inconsistent with the person’s prior behaviour. The framework traces to Heider’s work (articles in 1944 and 1946 and his 1958 book) and was developed strongly in the 1960s by researchers including Edward E. Jones (1926–93) and Harold H. Kelley (1921–2003), with Kelley’s cube being particularly influential, and it connects to appraisal, causal schemas, impression formation, and person perception.
Attribution theory explains how people infer causes of behaviour, showing that we tend to attribute behaviour to internal dispositions when it seems unlike how others would act in the same situation but consistent with the person’s behaviour across many situations, whereas we tend to infer situational causes when the behaviour seems typical for the situation and inconsistent with the person’s prior behaviour. The framework traces to Heider’s work (articles in 1944 and 1946 and his 1958 book) and was developed strongly in the 1960s by researchers including Edward E. Jones (1926–93) and Harold H. Kelley (1921–2003), with Kelley’s cube being particularly influential, and it connects to appraisal, causal schemas, impression formation, and person perception.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attributional bias
Attributional bias refers to systematic distortions in how people infer causes of behaviour, with key examples including the actor–observer difference, base-rate fallacy, fundamental attribution error, positivity bias, and self-serving bias.
Attributional bias refers to systematic distortions in how people infer causes of behaviour, with key examples including the actor–observer difference, base-rate fallacy, fundamental attribution error, positivity bias, and self-serving bias.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attribution
Attribution is the act or process of assigning causes to behaviour—either one’s own or others’—including internal (dispositional) and external (situational) explanations. The term was introduced in this sense by Fritz Heider (1896–1988) in 1958 and underpins a large research tradition including actor–observer differences, self-serving biases, covariation reasoning, and the fundamental attribution error.
Attribution is the act or process of assigning causes to behaviour—either one’s own or others’—including internal (dispositional) and external (situational) explanations. The term was introduced in this sense by Fritz Heider (1896–1988) in 1958 and underpins a large research tradition including actor–observer differences, self-serving biases, covariation reasoning, and the fundamental attribution error.
