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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory proposes that human development occurs within a set of nested environmental systems that interact dynamically over time. These systems range from the microsystem, which includes immediate contexts such as family and school, to the mesosystem, which represents interactions between these immediate settings. Beyond this lies the exosystem, involving indirect environmental influences such as parental workplace conditions, and the macrosystem, encompassing broader cultural values, laws, and societal norms. Finally, the chronosystem incorporates the dimension of time, reflecting life transitions and historical events. This theory emphasizes that development cannot be understood in isolation from the complex environmental contexts that shape it
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