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Psychological Terms – Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, degenerative disorder of the brain that results in the deterioration of memory, cognition, and personality. Classified in DSM-5 as a neurocognitive disorder, it usually appears before the age of 65 and advances slowly, though cases may occur later in life. The disease is marked by amyloid plaques—abnormal protein deposits—and neurofibrillary tangles within neurons, leading to the death of brain cells and cortical atrophy. Neurochemically, Alzheimer’s involves a reduction in acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for memory and learning. The condition has been linked to genetic mutations on chromosomes 14, 19, and 21, and mitochondrial DNA abnormalities. Beyond biological causes, Alzheimer’s has immense psychological and social impacts, affecting identity, emotional regulation, and interpersonal relationships. Cognitive therapies, memory aids, and environmental support are often employed to maintain patient autonomy.
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, degenerative disorder of the brain that results in the deterioration of memory, cognition, and personality. Classified in DSM-5 as a neurocognitive disorder, it usually appears before the age of 65 and advances slowly, though cases may occur later in life. The disease is marked by amyloid plaques—abnormal protein deposits—and neurofibrillary tangles within neurons, leading to the death of brain cells and cortical atrophy. Neurochemically, Alzheimer’s involves a reduction in acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for memory and learning. The condition has been linked to genetic mutations on chromosomes 14, 19, and 21, and mitochondrial DNA abnormalities. Beyond biological causes, Alzheimer’s has immense psychological and social impacts, affecting identity, emotional regulation, and interpersonal relationships. Cognitive therapies, memory aids, and environmental support are often employed to maintain patient autonomy.
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