Psychological Terms — Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS)

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone designed to enhance anabolic (tissue-building) effects while also retaining androgenic (masculinizing) properties. AAS increase protein synthesis and promote muscle growth, which has led to widespread non-medical use among bodybuilders, athletes, and individuals seeking enhanced physical appearance or performance. Clinically, these compounds have valid uses in treating delayed puberty, muscle wasting due to chronic illness, and certain forms of anemia.

Psychologically, AAS use is associated with significant mood disturbances. Some individuals report heightened confidence, euphoria, and increased motivation during cycles of use; however, prolonged intake can lead to irritability, aggressiveness (“roid rage”), mood swings, paranoia, and hallucinations. Dependence may develop, resulting in withdrawal symptoms such as fatigue, depressed mood, and reduced libido. Social, legal, and physiological consequences are common, including cardiovascular issues, infertility, and liver pathology.
In psychiatric classification systems, anabolic androgenic steroids fall under substance-related and addictive disorders, particularly when used outside medical indication or taken in dangerous doses.