psychology 

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Psychology Terms – Aerial Perspective
Aerial perspective, a monocular cue of visual depth perception, is a form of perspective closely associated with linear perspective and texture gradient. It suggests great distances through haziness of outline and surface detail (sfumato), along with a reduction in color intensity or a bluish haze, effects resulting from the scattering of light by dust and vapor particles in the atmosphere. Also referred to as atmospheric perspective.


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Psychology Terms - Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
It is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that prompts the adrenal cortex to release steroid hormones, including cortisol (hydrocortisone), into the bloodstream, particularly in reaction to stress or injury. Also spelled adrenocorticotropic hormone. Also referred to as adrenocorticotropic hormone or corticotropin.


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Psychology Terms - Adrenergic receptor
One of two categories of neuroreceptors for adrenalin (epinephrine) and noradrenalin (norepinephrine) located on a neuron, muscle, or gland. Alpha-adrenergic (α-adrenergic) receptors, located in the smooth muscles of blood vessels, elevate blood pressure through vasoconstriction, while beta-adrenergic (β-adrenergic) receptors, present in the membranes of cardiac muscle and the smooth muscles of the lungs and intestines, operate by engaging distinct second messenger pathways. Typically, alpha receptors are linked to the excitation of smooth muscles, while beta receptors are connected with inhibition; nevertheless, cardiac muscles possess excitatory beta receptors, and certain alpha receptors in the intestines exhibit inhibitory effects.


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Psychology Terms - Adrenergic
Releasing adrenalin (epinephrine) or a comparable substance; also activated by or responsive to adrenalin or a similar substance, this extensive usage is prevalent yet consistently dismissed by the English physiologist Sir Henry Hallet Dale (1875–1968), who introduced the suffix -ergic, as well as by numerous other authorities.


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Psychology Terms- Adrenal medulla
The medulla of the adrenal gland, comprising chromaffin cells that secrete adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) into the bloodstream in reaction to fear or stress.


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Psychology Terms - Adrenaline rush
A quick surge in competitive motivation exhibited by an athlete or sports competitor, purportedly linked to the release of adrenaline into the bloodstream. This statement stems from a misconception on the effects of adrenaline and is eschewed in precise usage: A burst of noradrenaline or serotonin would be slightly more appropriate.


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