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Psychology Terms - Acute
incisive; vital; pertaining to finely tuned sense or perception; relates to a condition or symptom that onset suddenly and resolves rapidly.
incisive; vital; pertaining to finely tuned sense or perception; relates to a condition or symptom that onset suddenly and resolves rapidly.
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Psychology Terms - Acupuncture (noun)
A method originating from China for inducing anesthesia or addressing various ailments through the insertion of needles into the skin at precisely designated places to trigger nerve impulses. Also referred to as stylostixis
A method originating from China for inducing anesthesia or addressing various ailments through the insertion of needles into the skin at precisely designated places to trigger nerve impulses. Also referred to as stylostixis
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Psychology Terms - Acuity grating
A device utilized for quantifying visual acuity by presenting a luminous background with a series of uniformly spaced dark bars, whose width and interspacing can be diminished concurrently until the minimal separable threshold is attained.
A device utilized for quantifying visual acuity by presenting a luminous background with a series of uniformly spaced dark bars, whose width and interspacing can be diminished concurrently until the minimal separable threshold is attained.
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Psychology Terms – Actus Reus
A legal word indicating a criminal conduct, different from criminal purpose and awareness of the act's wrongfulness, referred to as *mens rea. To convict a defendant of a crime, it is generally necessary to establish both an actus reus and a mens rea. [From Latin actus act + reus guilty]
A legal word indicating a criminal conduct, different from criminal purpose and awareness of the act's wrongfulness, referred to as *mens rea. To convict a defendant of a crime, it is generally necessary to establish both an actus reus and a mens rea. [From Latin actus act + reus guilty]
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Psychology Terms - Actuarial prediction
A forecast of behavior derived solely from statistical data, devoid of subjective interpretation. This process involves the mechanical processing of information, resulting in probabilities that reflect empirically established relative frequencies. For instance, psychometric test scores are juxtaposed with normative data tables to predict the likelihood (p) that an individual will succeed in a training program, reoffend post-release from prison, develop a specific mental disorder, or commit suicide. Such predictions are grounded in the relative frequencies of these outcomes among individuals with comparable test scores. The initial comprehensive analysis and comparison with clinical prediction was conducted by US psychologist Paul Everett Meehl (1920–2003) in his 1954 book, Clinical Versus Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence. Meehl was the first to assert that it is nearly always more precise than clinical prediction. Also referred to as statistical prediction.
A forecast of behavior derived solely from statistical data, devoid of subjective interpretation. This process involves the mechanical processing of information, resulting in probabilities that reflect empirically established relative frequencies. For instance, psychometric test scores are juxtaposed with normative data tables to predict the likelihood (p) that an individual will succeed in a training program, reoffend post-release from prison, develop a specific mental disorder, or commit suicide. Such predictions are grounded in the relative frequencies of these outcomes among individuals with comparable test scores. The initial comprehensive analysis and comparison with clinical prediction was conducted by US psychologist Paul Everett Meehl (1920–2003) in his 1954 book, Clinical Versus Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence. Meehl was the first to assert that it is nearly always more precise than clinical prediction. Also referred to as statistical prediction.
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Psychology Terms - Actual neurosis
In psychoanalysis, a type of neurosis originating not from infantile conflicts but from current circumstances, with symptoms arising directly from insufficient or absent sexual fulfillment, rather than manifesting as symbolic expressions. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) introduced the concept in 1898 in an article titled ‘Sexuality in the Aetiology of the Neuroses’ (Standard Edition, III, pp. 263–85, at p. 279), where he initially identified anxiety neurosis (generalized anxiety disorder) and neurasthenia as the primary neuroses, subsequently including hypochondria.
In psychoanalysis, a type of neurosis originating not from infantile conflicts but from current circumstances, with symptoms arising directly from insufficient or absent sexual fulfillment, rather than manifesting as symbolic expressions. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) introduced the concept in 1898 in an article titled ‘Sexuality in the Aetiology of the Neuroses’ (Standard Edition, III, pp. 263–85, at p. 279), where he initially identified anxiety neurosis (generalized anxiety disorder) and neurasthenia as the primary neuroses, subsequently including hypochondria.
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Psychology Terms – Actualization
The manifestation of inherent potential.
The manifestation of inherent potential.
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Psychology Terms - Act psychology.
A philosophy initially proposed by the German psychologist and philosopher Franz Brentano (1838–1917), asserting that psychology should examine not just the components of consciousness, as in structuralism, but also mental activities and their orientation towards entities beyond themselves. Brentano disseminated his concepts in 1874 with his work Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt (Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint) and was a significant precursor to phenomenology.
A philosophy initially proposed by the German psychologist and philosopher Franz Brentano (1838–1917), asserting that psychology should examine not just the components of consciousness, as in structuralism, but also mental activities and their orientation towards entities beyond themselves. Brentano disseminated his concepts in 1874 with his work Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt (Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint) and was a significant precursor to phenomenology.
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Psychology Terms - actor–observer difference
An attributional bias that leads individuals to ascribe their own behaviors to external influences while attributing the same behaviors of others to internal personality traits. This phenomenon is attributed to the increased information accessible to actors compared to watchers, variations in perceptual attention between the two groups, and motivational influences that may lead actors to prioritize external causes while viewers focus on interior reasons. The phenomena was initially documented in 1972 by American psychologists Edward Ellsworth Jones (1926–1993) and Richard E. Nisbett (born 1941).
An attributional bias that leads individuals to ascribe their own behaviors to external influences while attributing the same behaviors of others to internal personality traits. This phenomenon is attributed to the increased information accessible to actors compared to watchers, variations in perceptual attention between the two groups, and motivational influences that may lead actors to prioritize external causes while viewers focus on interior reasons. The phenomena was initially documented in 1972 by American psychologists Edward Ellsworth Jones (1926–1993) and Richard E. Nisbett (born 1941).
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Psychology Terms – Actomyosin
A protein produced from actin and myosin in skeletal muscles that contracts upon stimulation, with energy provided by ATP.
A protein produced from actin and myosin in skeletal muscles that contracts upon stimulation, with energy provided by ATP.
