KembaraXtra – Psychology: Comparison Level

Definition

In interdependence theory, the comparison level, abbreviated CL, is the standard of outcomes that a person expects from a relationship based on previous experiences, observed relationships, and social norms. Outcomes above this standard are generally experienced as satisfying, whereas outcomes below it are more likely to produce disappointment.

Relational Mechanism

The comparison level reflects what a person believes they deserve or can normally expect in a relationship. It may be shaped by past partners, family models, cultural expectations, and current social comparisons. Satisfaction depends not only on the objective rewards and costs of a relationship but also on how those outcomes compare with this personal benchmark.

Comparison Level for Alternatives

The comparison level for alternatives refers to the best outcome a person believes is available outside the current relationship. It influences dependence and decisions about whether to stay or leave. A person may be dissatisfied yet remain because alternatives appear worse, or may leave a satisfactory relationship if a much better alternative seems available.

Role in Social and Relationship Psychology

The distinction between satisfaction and dependence is a major contribution of interdependence theory. Comparison levels are used to explain commitment, relationship stability, negotiation, and power. They apply not only to romantic relationships but also to friendships, workplaces, group memberships, and economic exchanges.

Summary

The comparison level is the standard against which relationship outcomes are judged. It influences satisfaction, while the comparison level for alternatives influences dependence and decisions to remain. These standards arise from experience, expectations, and social comparison. The concept is central to interdependence theory.