FINANCE

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​Investment - Fund of Funds 
Investment entities known as funds of funds (FOF) invest in other funds. Both active and passive management are possible for them. Funds of funds typically make investments in hedge funds, private equity funds, and mutual funds. FOFs provide small investors with access to certain investment opportunities that they would not otherwise be able to. 

Strategies for Funds of Funds
Most actively managed funds of funds are characterized by two primary investing strategies. Certain FOF managers seek out funds managed by managers they think will beat the market and invest in them. Some forecast which investing methods are most likely to succeed using proprietary models, and then they invest in funds that put those ideas into practice. In order to lower total risk, managers diversify their portfolios among industries, asset classes, investment managers, and strategies in both approaches.

An investor who commits to a fund of funds has no idea what the fund will be made up of and is depending on the FOF's experienced investment manager to make the right investments. Consequently, compared to direct investment by the investor, there is less control over the investments. 

Due to the fact that investors must pay two levels of fees, investment in an actively managed fund of funds can be expensive. 

First layer of fees: Usually the "2 and 20" compensation system, management and performance fees are paid directly to the fund of funds manager. 

The second layer of fees 
expenses incurred by paying the investment managers of the funds the fund is invested in, which results in reduced returns.

Individual investors are not in the best position to conduct research on funds; fund of funds investment professionals are. Additionally, individual investors can access a diverse portfolio through fund of funds, which can diversify into assets like private equity that they would not often have access to. For individual investors, funds of funds therefore offer an operational benefit. 

Hedge Funds' Funds
A fund of hedge funds enables smaller investors to join without having to meet the regulatory requirements for investing in hedge funds, whereas hedge firms require investors to be accredited or experienced. However, considering the performance fees that hedge fund managers receive, investors might have to pay exceptionally large management costs. Gains from investments in some hedge funds in a well-diversified hedge fund are frequently offset by losses in other firms. The hedge fund of hedge funds distributes its gains in these funds with the winning hedge fund managers by paying them performance fees. However, hedge fund managers that lose money do not take their hedge funds' losses into account. Fund-of-hedge-funds investors will not make money overall if gains and losses are equal, but they will still have to pay the winning managers large performance fees.

A fund of hedge funds is even more challenging to assess, given that hedge funds can contain illiquid assets, making them challenging to value. Furthermore, it could be challenging to liquidate an investment because hedge fund shares are not listed on an exchange. 
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