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Islamic Derivatives – Common Stock in Islamic Financial System 


A. Concept of Common Stock in Islam
  • Common stock is viewed as:
    • Similar to Mudarabah
  • Meaning:
    • Shareholders act like:
      • Providers of capital
    • Company acts as:
      • Entrepreneur/manager
  • Therefore:
    • Stock = profit and loss sharing certificate


B. Historical Origin
  • Conventional view:
    • Stocks originated in Western economies
  • Alternative view:
    • Dennis Holme Robertson (1933):
      • Traced origins to medieval Muslim traders


C. Nature of Ownership
  • Shareholders:
    • Are partial owners of the company
  • Rights include:
    • Share in profits (dividends)
    • Share in ownership benefits
    • Right to:
      • Vote in meetings
      • Elect directors


D. Risk and Responsibility
  • Shareholders must:
    • Bear residual risk (business losses)
  • In case of liquidation:
    • Third-party debts paid first
    • Remaining assets distributed to shareholders


E. Shari’ah Acceptance
  • Based on these features:
    • Scholars consider common stock:
      • Permissible (halal)
  • Approved by:
    • Islamic Fiqh Academy (1993)
  • Recognized as:
    • Valid investment instrument


F. Development of Islamic Capital Market Instruments
1. Modern Development (Post-2002)
  • Introduction of:
    • Shari’ah-compliant capital market instruments
  • Marked:
    • Rapid growth of Islamic finance


2. Contributing Factors
a. Growth of Islamic Finance
  • Especially since:
    • Mid-1990s onward
  • Increased demand for:
    • Shari’ah-compliant investments


b. Role of Key Institutions
  • Islamic Development Bank
  • Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions
  • Islamic Financial Services Board
👉 Contributions:
  • Develop standards
  • Promote global Islamic finance


c. Evolution of Financial Transactions
  • Continuous innovation since:
    • Mid-1990s
  • Creation of:
    • New Shari’ah-compliant structures


G. Final Takeaway
  • Common stock:
    • Viewed as Mudarabah-based ownership
    • Involves:
      • Profit sharing
      • Risk sharing
  • Widely accepted as:
    • Permissible investment in Islam
  • Supported by:
    • Strong institutional development and modern financial evolution







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