FINANCE

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Islamic Derivatives – Final Buyer & Delivery in Futures


A. Your Understanding (Correct)
  • A futures contract can be:
    • Bought and sold many times
  • At expiry:
    • The final buyer (long position)
    • The final seller (short position)
👉 These two parties are:
  • ✔️ Legally obligated to complete the contract


B. What Happens at Expiry
If Physical Delivery Contract
  • Final buyer:
    • ✔️ Must receive the commodity
  • Final seller:
    • ✔️ Must deliver the commodity


If Cash-Settled Contract
  • ❌ No physical delivery
  • ✔️ Only price difference is paid in cash


C. Important Clarification
  • Not all futures require delivery:
    • Some are designed as cash-settled from the start


D. Why Most Traders Don’t End Up Delivering
  • Most traders:
    • Exit before expiry
  • So:
    • They transfer obligation to someone else
👉 Only the last remaining parties face settlement


E. Real Market Behavior
  • ✔️ Theoretically:
    • Delivery should happen
  • ❗ Practically:
    • Very few contracts reach delivery stage
    • Most are:
      • Closed early
      • Or cash-settled


F. Shari’ah Insight
  • Even though delivery is possible:
    • Frequent non-delivery usage leads to:
      • Gharar
      • Maisir
  • Because:
    • Trading becomes price speculation rather than real exchange


Final Takeaway
  • ✔️ Yes — the final buyer must receive the commodity
  • ❗ But only:
    • If contract is physically settled
  • 👉 In reality:
    • Most contracts never reach that stage


If you want, I can give a step-by-step chain example (A → B → C → D) showing how the obligation moves 👍
Answer
✔️ Yes — in general, the last holder must fulfill the contract at expiry
❗ But only if the contract is physically settled


Islamic Derivatives – Final Buyer & Delivery in Futures


A. Your Understanding (Correct)
  • A futures contract can be:
    • Bought and sold many times
  • At expiry:
    • The final buyer (long position)
    • The final seller (short position)
👉 These two parties are:
  • ✔️ Legally obligated to complete the contract


B. What Happens at Expiry
If Physical Delivery Contract
  • Final buyer:
    • ✔️ Must receive the commodity
  • Final seller:
    • ✔️ Must deliver the commodity


If Cash-Settled Contract
  • ❌ No physical delivery
  • ✔️ Only price difference is paid in cash


C. Important Clarification
  • Not all futures require delivery:
    • Some are designed as cash-settled from the start


D. Why Most Traders Don’t End Up Delivering
  • Most traders:
    • Exit before expiry
  • So:
    • They transfer obligation to someone else
👉 Only the last remaining parties face settlement


E. Real Market Behavior
  • ✔️ Theoretically:
    • Delivery should happen
  • ❗ Practically:
    • Very few contracts reach delivery stage
    • Most are:
      • Closed early
      • Or cash-settled


F. Shari’ah Insight
  • Even though delivery is possible:
    • Frequent non-delivery usage leads to:
      • Gharar
      • Maisir
  • Because:
    • Trading becomes price speculation rather than real exchange


Final Takeaway
  • ✔️ Yes — the final buyer must receive the commodity
  • ❗ But only:
    • If contract is physically settled
  • 👉 In reality:
    • Most contracts never reach that stage


If you want, I can give a step-by-step chain example (A → B → C → D) showing how the obligation moves 👍

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