FINANCE

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Islamic Derivatives – Making Money with Stock Options (Rewritten with Call & Put)


A. Key Terms
  • S (Stock Price) = Current market price of the share
  • K (Strike Price) = Fixed price in the option contract
  • Spread = Difference between market price and strike price


B. Spread (Profit Concept)
  • For Call Option:
    • Spread = S − K
  • For Put Option:
    • Spread = K − S


C. Example
  • K = $10
  • S = $25
  • Call option:
    • Spread = 25 − 10 = $15 profit
  • Put option:
    • Spread = 10 − 25 = −$15 (no profit, not exercised)


D. Option Status (Moneyness)


1. Call Option (Right to Buy)
  • In-the-Money (ITM):
    • S > K
    • ✔️ Profit (buy cheap, sell high)
  • At-the-Money (ATM):
    • S = K
    • No profit, no loss
  • Out-of-the-Money (OTM):
    • S < K
    • ❌ Not worth exercising


2. Put Option (Right to Sell)
  • In-the-Money (ITM):
    • S < K
    • ✔️ Profit (sell high, market low)
  • At-the-Money (ATM):
    • S = K
    • No profit, no loss
  • Out-of-the-Money (OTM):
    • S > K
    • ❌ Not worth exercising


E. Profit Logic Summary
  • Call option:
    • Profit when price rises (S > K)
  • Put option:
    • Profit when price falls (S < K)


F. Public vs Private Company Options
Public Company
  • Shares:
    • Easily traded in market
  • Employee can:
    • Exercise option → sell immediately → profit


Private Company
  • Shares:
    • Not easily tradable
  • Profit depends on:
    • Company buyback, or
    • Events like:
      • IPO
      • Company sale


G. Key Insight
  • Profit depends on:
    • Relationship between S and K
  • But actual cash profit depends on:
    • Ability to sell shares


H. Shari’ah Reflection
  • Options involve concerns such as:
    • Gharar
    • Maisir


Final Takeaway
  • ✔️ Call = profit when S > K
  • ✔️ Put = profit when S < K
  • ✔️ Spread determines profit
  • ❗ Liquidity determines whether profit can actually be realized


If you want, I can compress this into a super short exam answer (5 lines) 👍

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