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KembaraXtra – Islamic Derivatives: Making Money with Stock Options (Note Form)


🔹 1. What is “Spread”?
 
👉 Spread = Stock Price (S) − Strike Price (K)
 
It shows:
  • How much profit per share


Example
  • Strike price (K) = $10
  • Stock price (S) = $25
 
👉 Spread = 25 − 10 = $15 per share


🔹 2. Types of Option Positions


In-the-Money (ITM)
  • Condition: S > K
  • Spread = Positive
 
👉 Option has value
 
Example:
  • S = $25, K = $10 → Profit exists


Out-of-the-Money (OTM)
  • Condition: S < K
  • Spread = Negative
 
👉 Option has no value
 
Example:
  • S = $8, K = $10 → No profit


At-the-Money (ATM)
  • Condition: S = K
  • Spread = 0
 
👉 No gain, no loss


🔹 3. Call vs Put (Simple Logic)
 
Call Option
  • Profit when: S > K
  • Buy low (K), sell high (S)


Put Option
  • Profit when: S < K
  • Sell high (K), buy low (S)


🔹 4. Private vs Public Company Options


Public Company
  • Shares are traded in market
  • Easy to:
    • Sell shares
    • Realize profit


Private Company
  • No active market for shares
 
👉 Profit only when:
  • Company buys back shares
  • IPO happens
  • Company is sold


🔹 5. Key Issue (Private Company)
 
👉 Even if option is profitable:
  • You may not be able to sell shares immediately
  • Must wait for liquidity event


🔹 6. Key Insight
 
👉 Profit in options depends on:
  • Difference between market price and strike price
  • AND ability to sell the shares


🔹 Simple Summary
  • Spread = S − K
  • ITM → profit
  • OTM → no profit
  • ATM → neutral
  • Private company → profit may be delayed


🔹 Final Exam Insight
 
👉 “The profitability of stock options depends on the spread between the stock price and exercise price, with options being in-the-money, out-of-the-money, or at-the-money, while realization of gains depends on market liquidity.”
 

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