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KembaraXtra – Islamic Derivatives: Option Contracts (Call & Put) – Simplified Explanation with Examples


🔹 What is an Option Contract?
 
An option contract gives the buyer the right (but not obligation) to:
  • Buy, or
  • Sell
 
a specific asset at a fixed price (strike price) on or before a future date.
 
👉 To get this right, the buyer must pay a premium to the seller.


🔹 Key Features
  • Buyer has a choice (not forced to act)
  • Seller has an obligation if buyer exercises
  • Loss for buyer is limited to premium only


🔹 Call Option (Right to Buy)
 
👉 A call option allows the buyer to buy an asset at a fixed price in the future


🔸 Case Example (Simplified)
  • A expects stock price to increase
  • Strike price = RM100
  • Premium = RM5


📅 If Price Increases to RM130
  • A uses the option
  • Buys at RM100
  • Market value = RM130
 
👉 Profit = RM30 − RM5 = RM25


📅 If Price Decreases to RM90
  • A does not exercise the option
 
👉 Loss = RM5 (premium only)


🔹 Put Option (Right to Sell)
 
👉 A put option allows the buyer to sell an asset at a fixed price in the future


🔸 Case Example (Simplified)
  • B expects stock price to decrease
  • Strike price = RM100
  • Premium = RM5


📅 If Price Decreases to RM70
  • B buys at RM70
  • Sells at RM100
 
👉 Profit = RM30 − RM5 = RM25


📅 If Price Increases to RM120
  • B does not exercise the option
 
👉 Loss = RM5 (premium only)


🔹 Key Insight
  • Call option → profit when price goes up 📈
  • Put option → profit when price goes down 📉
  • Buyer can walk away if not profitable


🔹 Why Options Are Attractive
  • Limited loss (premium only)
  • Potential for profit
  • Flexibility (right without obligation)


🔹 Simple Summary
  • Option = right without obligation
  • Premium = cost of that right
  • Call = right to buy
  • Put = right to sell
  • Loss limited to premium
 

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