FINANCE

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KembaraXtra – Islamic Derivatives: Option Contracts (Clear Explanation & Key Concepts)


🔹 What is an Option?
 
👉 An option is a contract that gives the holder:
  • The right (not obligation)
  • To buy or sell a specific asset
  • At a fixed price (strike price)
  • Within a specific time period (until expiry date)


🔹 Key Terms
 
Strike Price (Exercise Price)
  • The fixed price agreed in the contract


Expiration Date
  • The last date the option can be used
  • Example: often third Friday of the month


Premium
  • Amount paid by buyer to seller
  • Cost of getting the option right


Contract Size
  • 1 option contract = 100 shares


Underlying Asset
  • The asset the option is based on
  • Example: stock shares


🔹 Important Note
 
👉 The company does NOT issue options
  • Options are created and traded between:
    • Investors
    • Traders
 
Unlike warrants (issued by company)


🔹 4 Basic Option Strategies


🔸 1. Buying Call (Long Call)
  • Right to buy
  • Expect price to increase 📈
 
Profit when price rises


🔸 2. Buying Put (Long Put)
  • Right to sell
  • Expect price to decrease 📉
 
Profit when price falls


🔸 3. Selling Call (Short Call)
  • Obligation to sell
  • Expect price to stay or fall
 
Profit = premium
Risk = high if price rises


🔸 4. Selling Put (Short Put)
  • Obligation to buy
  • Expect price to stay or rise
 
Profit = premium
Risk = high if price falls


🔹 Simple Summary
  • Option = right to buy/sell at fixed price
  • Buyer pays premium
  • Seller has obligation
  • 4 strategies:
    • Long call
    • Long put
    • Short call
    • Short put


🔹 Final Exam Insight
 
👉 “Options are contracts granting the right, but not obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specified time, with four main strategies involving buying and selling calls and puts.”
 

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