FINANCE

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KembaraXtra – Islamic Derivatives: Shariah View on Conventional Options (Majority vs Minority Opinions)


🔹 General Ruling
 
👉 Conventional options are generally NOT permitted in Shariah
  • This is the view of the majority of Muslim scholars
  • Supported by the Islamic Fiqh Academy (OIC)


🔹 Reason Given by Islamic Fiqh Academy
 
👉 Option contracts are not valid because:
  • They are not money
  • Not a tangible asset
  • Not a recognized financial right that can be traded
 
👉 Therefore:
The contract is considered invalid in Shariah


🔹 Main Reasons for Prohibition (Majority View)
 
1. Maisir (Gambling)
  • Options involve:
    • Profit based on price movement only
  • One party gains, the other loses
 
👉 Similar to gambling 🎲


2. Excessive Speculation (Gharar)
  • High uncertainty about:
    • Price
    • Outcome
 
👉 Leads to gharar (uncertainty)


3. Premium is Not Permissible
  • Buyer pays premium for:
    • A right only, not a real asset
 
👉 No valid exchange → considered invalid


🔹 Minority Opinion (More Flexible View)
 
👉 Some scholars argue:
  • Options can be allowed if restructured properly


How They Justify It
  • Use concepts like:
    • Wa’d (unilateral promise)
    • Embedding options into real contracts


What Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) Do
  • Develop Shariah-compliant alternatives
  • Avoid:
    • Pure speculation
    • Stand-alone premium trading


🔹 Example of Acceptable Structure
  • Option embedded in:
    • Sale contract
    • Lease
  • Or based on promise (wa’d) for hedging
 
Linked to real economic activity


🔹 Key Comparison
  • Majority view:
    • Conventional options not allowed
  • Minority view:
    • ⚠️ Allowed if:
      • Proper structure
      • Real asset linkage
      • No speculation


🔹 Simple Summary
  • Conventional options:
    • Gambling (maisir)
    • Uncertainty (gharar)
    • Premium without real asset
  • Islamic alternatives:
    • Based on real contracts
    • Structured to be Shariah-compliant


🔹 Final Exam Insight
 
👉 “The majority of scholars prohibit conventional options due to gambling, uncertainty, and invalid subject matter, while a minority permits structured alternatives based on Shariah principles.”
 

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