Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Uveitis
• Glaucoma
• Conjunctivitis
• Retinal detachment
• Retinopathy
• Keratitis
• Scleritis
• Episcleritis
Vaginal Bleeding
ANY GESTATIONAL AGE
• Cervical lesions: polyps, decidual reaction, neoplasia
• Vaginal trauma
• Cervicitis/vulvovaginitis
• Postcoital trauma
• Bleeding dyscrasias
GESTATION <20 WEEKS
• Spontaneous abortion
• Presence of intrauterine device
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Molar pregnancy
• Implantation bleeding
• Low-lying placenta
GESTATION >20 WEEKS
• Molar pregnancy
• Placenta previa
• Placental abruption
• Vasa previa
• Marginal separation of the placenta
• Bloody show at term
• Preterm labor
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vaginal Bleeding in Pregnancy
FIRST TRIMESTER
• Implantation bleeding
• Abortion
• Threatened
• Complete
• Incomplete
• Missed
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Neoplasia
• Hydatidiform mole
• Cervix
THIRD TRIMESTER
• Placenta previa
• Placental abruption
• Premature labor
• Choriocarcinoma
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vaginal Discharge, Prepubertal Girls
• Associated systemic illness (group A streptococci, chickenpox)
• Chlamydia trachomatis
• Escherichia coli with foreign body
• Foreign body
• Infections
• Infections (consider sexual abuse)
• Irritative (bubble baths, sand)
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Poor perineal hygiene
• Shigella organisms
• Trichomonas vaginalis
• Tumor (rare)
• Yersinia organisms
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Varicose Veins
CONDITIONS THAT CAN LEAD TO SUPERFICIAL VENOUS
STASIS OTHER THAN PRIMARY VALVULAR
INSUFFICIENCY
• Arterial occlusive disease
• Carcinoma
• Deep vein thrombophlebitis
• Diabetes
• Peripheral neuropathies
• Unusual infections
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vasculitis
LARGE-VESSEL DISEASE
Arteritis
• Giant cell arteritis
• Takayasu’s arteritis
• Arteritis associated with Reiter’s syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
MEDIUM- AND SMALL-VESSEL DISEASE
Polyarteritis Nodosa
• Primary (idiopathic)
• Associated with viruses (hepatitis B or C, cytomegalovirus [CMV],
HIV, herpes zoster)
• Associated with malignant disease (hairy cell leukemia)
• Familial Mediterranean fever
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Granulomatous Vasculitis
• Wegener’s granulomatosis
• Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
• Behçet’s syndrome
• Kawasaki’s disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)
PREDOMINANTLY SMALL-VESSEL DISEASE
Hypersensitivity Vasculitis (Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis)
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura
• Mixed cryoglobulinemia
• Serum sickness
• Vasculitis associated with connective tissue diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], Sjögren’s syndrome)
• Vasculitis associated with specific syndromes: primary biliary cirrhosis, Lyme disease, chronic active hepatitis, drug-induced vasculitis
• Churg-Strauss syndrome
• Goodpasture’s syndrome
• Erythema nodosum
• Panniculitis
• Buerger’s disease (thrombophlebitis obliterans) Vasculitis, Diseases That Mimic Vasculitis
EMBOLIC DISEASE
• Infectious or marantic endocarditis
• Cardiac mural thrombus
• Atrial myxoma
• Cholesterol embolization syndrome
NONINFLAMMATORY VESSEL WALL DISRUPTION
• Atherosclerosis
• Arterial fibromuscular dysplasia
• Drug effects (vasoconstrictors, anticoagulants)
• Irradiation
• Genetic disease (neurofibromatosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)
• Amyloidosis
• Intravascular malignant lymphoma
DIFFUSE COAGULATION
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
• Protein C and S deficiencies, factor V Leiden mutation
• Antiphospholipid syndrome
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Venous Leg Ulcers
• Basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma
• Decubitus ulceration (due to pressure over a bone prominence)
• Diabetic ulceration (often secondary to neuropathy)
• Necrotic ulceration from infection
• Peripheral arterial disease (with ischemia and necrosis)
• Vasculitis (with erythema and bullae)
Picture

Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.