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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Preeclampsia
• Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
• Appendicitis
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Gallbladder disease
• Gastroenteritis
• Glomerulonephritis
• Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
• Hepatic encephalopathy
• Hyperemesis gravidarum
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenia
• Nephrolithiasis
• Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
• Pyelonephritis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
• Appendicitis
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Gallbladder disease
• Gastroenteritis
• Glomerulonephritis
• Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
• Hepatic encephalopathy
• Hyperemesis gravidarum
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenia
• Nephrolithiasis
• Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
• Pyelonephritis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Premature Graying, Scalp Hair
• Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Chemical exposure (e.g., phenol/catechol derivatives, sulfhydryls, arsenic)
• Chronic and severe protein deficiency
• Down syndrome
• Hyperthyroidism
• Idiopathic
• Myotonic dystrophy
• Physical agents (e.g., ionizing radiation, lasers)
• Progeria
• Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Vitiligo
• Wermer’s syndrome
• Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Chemical exposure (e.g., phenol/catechol derivatives, sulfhydryls, arsenic)
• Chronic and severe protein deficiency
• Down syndrome
• Hyperthyroidism
• Idiopathic
• Myotonic dystrophy
• Physical agents (e.g., ionizing radiation, lasers)
• Progeria
• Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Vitiligo
• Wermer’s syndrome
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
• Dysthymic syndrome
• Hyperthyroidism
• Major depressive disorder
• Panic disorder
• Personality disorder
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Premenstrual syndrome
• Dysthymic syndrome
• Hyperthyroidism
• Major depressive disorder
• Panic disorder
• Personality disorder
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Premenstrual syndrome
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
• Cortical basal ganglionic degeneration: differentiated from PSP by presence of cortical sensory signs and asymmetric limb apraxia.
• Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): in PSP, visual hallucinations typically occur only if provoked by dopaminergic therapy; whereas in DLB, there are prominent visual hallucinations that may be spontaneous or provoked.
• Multiple systems atrophy: differs from PSP by the presence of prominent autonomic symptoms or cerebellar signs.
• Parkinson’s disease: differs from PSP in that the latter is characterized by prominence of early falls, tremor being unusual, and little response to levodopa.
• Cortical basal ganglionic degeneration: differentiated from PSP by presence of cortical sensory signs and asymmetric limb apraxia.
• Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): in PSP, visual hallucinations typically occur only if provoked by dopaminergic therapy; whereas in DLB, there are prominent visual hallucinations that may be spontaneous or provoked.
• Multiple systems atrophy: differs from PSP by the presence of prominent autonomic symptoms or cerebellar signs.
• Parkinson’s disease: differs from PSP in that the latter is characterized by prominence of early falls, tremor being unusual, and little response to levodopa.
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Prolactinoma
• Drugs: phenothiazines, methyldopa, reserpine, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, androgens, progesterone, cimetidine, tricyclic antidepressants, haloperidol, meprobamate, chlordiazepoxide, estrogens, narcotics, metoclopramide, verapamil, amoxapine, cocaine, oral contraceptives
• Ectopic prolactin-secreting tumors (hypernephroma, bronchogenic carcinoma)
• Head trauma, chest wall injury, spinal cord injury
• Hepatic cirrhosis, renal failure, primary hypothyroidism
• Idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, stress, exercise
• Infiltrating diseases of the pituitary (sarcoidosis, histiocytosis)
• Polycystic ovary disease, pregnancy, nipple stimulation
• Drugs: phenothiazines, methyldopa, reserpine, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, androgens, progesterone, cimetidine, tricyclic antidepressants, haloperidol, meprobamate, chlordiazepoxide, estrogens, narcotics, metoclopramide, verapamil, amoxapine, cocaine, oral contraceptives
• Ectopic prolactin-secreting tumors (hypernephroma, bronchogenic carcinoma)
• Head trauma, chest wall injury, spinal cord injury
• Hepatic cirrhosis, renal failure, primary hypothyroidism
• Idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, stress, exercise
• Infiltrating diseases of the pituitary (sarcoidosis, histiocytosis)
• Polycystic ovary disease, pregnancy, nipple stimulation
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pronator Syndrome
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Cervical disk syndrome with radiculopathy
• Tendinitis
• Tendon rupture
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Cervical disk syndrome with radiculopathy
• Tendinitis
• Tendon rupture
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Proptosis
• Cavernous sinus arteriovenous (AV) fistula, cavernous sinus thrombosis
• Cellulitis
• Metastatic tumor to orbit
• Optic nerve tumor
• Orbital pseudotumor
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Cavernous sinus arteriovenous (AV) fistula, cavernous sinus thrombosis
• Cellulitis
• Metastatic tumor to orbit
• Optic nerve tumor
• Orbital pseudotumor
• Thyrotoxicosis
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Proptosis and Palatal Necrotic Ulcers
• Bacterial orbital cellulitis
• Cavernous sinus thrombosis
• CNS aspergillosis
• Ecthyma gangrenosum
• Metastatic neoplasm
• Rhinocerebral mucormycosis
• Bacterial orbital cellulitis
• Cavernous sinus thrombosis
• CNS aspergillosis
• Ecthyma gangrenosum
• Metastatic neoplasm
• Rhinocerebral mucormycosis
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
• Benign prostatic hypertrophy
• Metastatic neoplasm
• Prostate stones
• Prostatitis
• Benign prostatic hypertrophy
• Metastatic neoplasm
• Prostate stones
• Prostatitis
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Prostatic Hyperplasia, Benign
• Medication interfering with the muscle fibers in the prostate and also with bladder
• Prostate cancer
• Prostatitis
• Strictures (urethral)
• Medication interfering with the muscle fibers in the prostate and also with bladder
• Prostate cancer
• Prostatitis
• Strictures (urethral)
