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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
• Adrenogenital syndrome Cutaneous Infections, Athletes
• Alcoholic pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome (endogenous cortisol overproduction)
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Cervical disk syndrome with radicular arm symptoms
• Erythrasma
• Folliculitis
• Furuncles
• Herpes simplex
• Impetigo
• Medial elbow instability
• Medial epicondylitis
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Obesity associated with diabetes mellitus (DM)
• Otitis externa
• Tinea cruris
• Tinea pedis
• Ulnar nerve compression at wrist (Guyon’s canal) Cushing’s Syndrome
• Verruca vulgaris
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cutaneous Larva Migrans
• Bacterial folliculitis
• Cercarial dermatitis
• Contact dermatitis
• Creeping hair
• Dirofilariasis
• Dracunculiasis
• Erythema chronicum migrans of Lyme disease
• Fascioliasis
• Ground itch
• Herpes zoster
• Impetigo
• Jellyfish stings
• Lichen striatus
• Loiasis
• Migratory myiasis
• Mondor’s disease
• Onchocerciasis
• Phytophotodermatitis
• Scabies
• Superficial thrombophlebitis
• Tinea pedis/corporis
• Toxocariasis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cutis Laxa
• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
• Morphea
• Marfan syndrome
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Atrophoderma (disorders characterized by a depression in the skin surface)
• Anetoderma (localized area of lax skin often with herniation of underlying tissues)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cyanosis
• Aortic aneurysm
• Arterial obstruction
• Atelectasis
• Congenital heart disease with right-to-left shunt
• Decreased cardiac output
• Elevated hemidiaphragm
• Eventration
• Hemoglobinopathies
• Hypoxia
• Idiopathic
• Infectious process (pneumonia, empyema, TB, subphrenic abscess, hepatic abscess)
• Intra-abdominal mass
• Neoplasm (bronchogenic carcinoma, mediastinal neoplasm, intrahepatic lesion)
• Phrenic nerve dysfunction (myelitis, myotonia, herpes zoster)
• Pleurisy
• Pulmonary atrioventricular (AV) fistulas
• Pulmonary disease (oxygen diffusion and alveolar ventilation abnormalities)
• Pulmonary edema
• Pulmonary embolism
• Pulmonary infarction
• Radiation therapy
• Rib fracture
• Substernal thyroid
• Superior vena cava syndrome
• Trauma to phrenic nerve or diaphragm (e.g., surgery)
• Vasospasm
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Infection
• Congenital: acute viral, bacterial, parasitic infections including other congenitally transmitted agents (toxoplasmosis, rubella, syphilis, pertussis, croup, bronchitis)
• Acquired: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mononucleosis; viral hepatitis: A, B, C; cryptosporidiosis; toxoplasmosis; Mycobacterium avium infections; human herpesvirus 6; drug reaction; acute HIV infection
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Daytime Sleepiness
• Circadian rhythm abnormalities (e.g., jet lag, shift work sleep disorder)
• Depression
• Medical illness (e.g., severe anemia, hypothyroidism, COPD, hepatic failure, renal insufficiency, CHF, electrolyte disturbances)
• Medication induced (e.g., benzodiazepines, β-blockers, narcotics, sedative antidepressants, gabapentin)
• Narcolepsy
• Neurologic disorders (e.g., neurodegenerative disorders; parkinsonism; multiple sclerosis; lesions affecting thalamus, hypothalamus, or brainstem)
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Post trauma
• Restless legs syndrome
• Sleep deprivation
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