Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Zenker’s Diverticulum
• Achalasia
• CNS disorders (stroke, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS], multiple sclerosis [MS], myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophies)
• Dermatomyositis
• Esophageal carcinoma
• Esophageal spasm
• Esophageal webs
• Foreign bodies
• Infection
• Lower esophageal (Schatzki’s) ring
• Peptic stricture
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Whipple’s Disease
MALABSORPTION/MALDIGESTION
• Celiac disease
• Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare intestinal infection in patients
with AIDS
• Intestinal lymphoma
• Abetalipoproteinemia
• Amyloidosis
• Systemic mastocytosis
• Irradiation enteritis
• Crohn’s disease
• Short bowel syndrome
• Pancreatic insufficiency
• Intestinal bacterial overgrowth
• Lactose deficiency
• Postgastrectomy syndrome
• Other cause of diarrhea
SERONEGATIVE INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS
PERICARDITIS AND PLEURITIS
LYMPHADENITIS
NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Wheezing, Pediatric Age
• “Hysterical” glottic closure
• Aspiration
• Asthmatic bronchitis
• Atopic asthma
• Bronchiolitis obliterans
• Cardiac failure
• Cigarette smoke, other environmental insults
• Cystic fibrosis
• Endobronchial masses
• Enlarged lymph node
• Exercise-induced asthma
• Extrinsic compression of airways
• Food, saliva, gastric contents
• Foreign body
• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Infection-associated airway reactivity
• Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft
• Lung cysts
• Mediastinal tumor
• Other hypersensitivity reactions: hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tropical eosinophilia, visceral larva migrans, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
• Pharyngeal incoordination or neuromuscular weakness
• Primary ciliary dyskinesia
• Pulmonary hemosiderosis
• Reactive airways disease
• Salicylate-induced asthma and nasal polyposis
• Sequelae of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
• Tracheobronchomalacia
• Tracheoesophageal fistula, H type
• Vascular ring
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Whiplash
• Cervical disk disease
• Fibrositis
• Migraine headache
• Neuritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Spinal cord tumor
• Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome
• Tension headache
• Torticollis
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Wrist Pain
MECHANICAL
• Osteoarthritis
• Ligament tear
• Fracture
• Ganglion
• de Quervain’s tenosynovitis
• Avascular necrosis (scaphoid, lunate)
• Nonunion of scaphoid or lunate
• Neoplasm
METABOLIC
• Pregnancy
• Diabetes
• Gout
• Pseudogout
• Paget’s disease
• Acromegaly
• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperparathyroidism
INFECTIOUS
• Osteomyelitis
• Septic arthritis
• Cat-scratch disease
• Tick bite (Lyme disease, babesiosis)
• Tuberculosis
NEUROLOGIC
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Nerve injury (median, ulnar, radial nerve)
• Thoracic outlet compression syndrome
• Distal posterior interosseous nerve syndrome
RHEUMATOLOGIC
• Psoriasis
• RA
• SLE, mixed connective tissue disorder (MCTD)
• Scleroderma
MISCELLANEOUS
• Granulomatous (sarcoidosis)
• Amyloidosis
• Multiple myeloma
• Leukemia
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Xanthoma
• Necrobiosis lipoidica
• Rheumatoid nodules
• Neurofibromas
• Nodular elastoidosis
• Granuloma annulare
• Giant tumor of tendon sheath
• Erythema elevatum diutinum
• Histiocytoses

Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Wrist and Hand Pain, in Different Age Groups
Common causes of wrist and hand pain in different age groups:
CHILDHOOD (2–10 YEARS)
Intra-articular
• Infection
Periarticular
• Fracture
• Osteomyelitis
ADOLESCENCE (10–18 YEARS)
Intra-articular
• Infection
Periarticular
• Trauma
• Osteomyelitis
• Tumors
• Ganglion
• Idiopathic wrist pain
EARLY ADULTHOOD (18–30 YEARS)
Intra-articular
• Inflammatory arthritis
• Infection
Periarticular
• Peripheral nerve entrapment
• Tendinitis
• Ganglion
Referred
• Cervical
ADULTHOOD (30–50 YEARS)
Intra-articular
• Inflammatory arthritis
• Infection
• Osteoarthritis
• Periarticular
• Peripheral nerve entrapment
• Tendinitis
Referred
• Cervical
• Chest
• Cardiac
OLD AGE (>50 YEARS)
Intra-articular
• Inflammatory arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
Periarticular
• Peripheral nerve entrapment
• Tendinitis
Referred
• Cervical
• Chest
• Cardiac
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Xerophthalmia
MEDICATIONS
• Tricyclic antidepressants: amitriptyline, doxepin
• Antihistamines: diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, promethazine, and many cold and decongestant preparations
• Anticholinergic agents: antiemetics such as scopolamine, antispasmodic agents such as oxybutynin chloride
ABNORMALITIES OF EYELID FUNCTION
• Neuromuscular disorders
• Aging
• Thyrotoxicosis
ABNORMALITIES OF TEAR PRODUCTION
• Hypovitaminosis A
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome
• Familial diseases affecting sebaceous secretions
ABNORMALITIES OF CORNEAL SURFACES
• Scarring from past injuries and herpes simplex infection
Picture

Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.