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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Weakness, Gradual Onset
• Alcoholism
• Anemia
• Basal ganglia disorders
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Depression
• Disorders of motor unit
• Hypothyroidism
• Liver failure
• Malingering
• Medications (e.g., sedatives, antidepressants, narcotics)
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Renal failure
• Respiratory insufficiency
• Upper motor neuron lesions
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Warts
• Acquired digital fibrokeratoma
• Acrochordon (skin tags) or seborrheic keratosis
• Condyloma latum
• Epidermal nevi
• Hypertrophic actinic keratosis
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Plantar corns (may be mistaken for plantar warts)
• Recurrent infantile digital fibroma
• Squamous cell carcinomas
• Varicella zoster virus in patients with AIDS
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Weakness, Acute, Emergent
• Demyelinating disorders (Guillain-Barré, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy [CIDP])
• Infectious (poliomyelitis, diphtheria)
• Metabolic (acquired or familial hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypermagnesemia)
• Metals poisoning (arsenic, thallium)
• Myasthenia gravis
• Porphyria
• Toxic (botulism, tick paralysis, paralytic shellfish toxin, puffer
fish, newts)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Wegener’s Granulomatosis
• Bacterial or fungal sinusitis
• Goodpasture’s syndrome
• Midline granuloma
• Neoplasms
• Other granulomatous lung diseases (e.g., lymphomatoid granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis, bronchocentric granulomatosis, sarcoidosis)
• Viral infections
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Weight Gain
• Anxiety disorders with compulsive eating
• Discontinuation of tobacco abuse
• Endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism, hyperinsulinism associated with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus [DM], Cushing’s syndrome, hypogonadism, insulinoma, hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly)
• Fluid overload
• Hypothalamic injury (rare; <100 cases reported in medical literature)
• Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, other congenital diseases
• Medications (e.g., nutritional supplements, oral contraceptives, glucocorticoids)
• Sedentary lifestyle
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Weight Loss
• Addison’s disease
• AIDS
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Food faddism
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Intestinal parasites
• Malabsorption
• Malignant disease
• New-onset diabetes mellitus (DM)
• Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
• Postgastrectomy syndrome
• Psychiatric disorders (depression, anorexia nervosa)
• Thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, carcinoid syndrome
• Uremia, liver disease
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Wheezing
• Anaphylaxis
• Asthma
• Carcinoid syndrome
• Cardiac asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Foreign body aspiration
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with aspiration
• Infections (pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, epiglottitis)
• Interstitial lung disease
• Obstruction airway (neoplasm, goiter, edema or hemorrhage from trauma, aneurysm, congenital abnormalities, strictures, spasm)
• Pulmonary embolism
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of West Nile Virus Infection
• Bacterial meningitis
• Fungal meningitis (e.g., cryptococcal infection)
• Meningitis or encephalitis caused by more common viruses (e.g., enteroviruses, herpes simplex)
• Tuberculous meningitis
• Vasculitis
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.