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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vulvar Lesions
RED LESION
Infection/Infestation
• Fungal infection: Candida, tinea cruris, intertrigo, pityriasis versicolor
• Sarcoptes scabiei
• Erythrasma: Corynebacterium minutissimum
• Granuloma inguinale: Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
• Folliculitis: Staphylococcus aureus
• Hidradenitis suppurativa
• Behçet’s syndrome
Inflammation
• Reactive vulvitis
• Chemical irritation: detergent, dyes, perfume, spermicide,
lubricants, hygiene sprays, podophyllum, topical 5-fluorouracil,
saliva, gentian violet, semen
• Mechanical trauma: scratching
• Vestibular adenitis
• Essential vulvodynia
• Psoriasis
• Seborrheic dermatitis
Neoplasm
• Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN): mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ
• Vulvar dystrophy
• Bowen’s disease
• Invasive cancer: squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, sarcoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, Paget’s disease, undifferentiated
WHITE LESION
• Vulvar dystrophy: lichen sclerosus, vulvar dystrophy, vulvar hyperplasia, mixed dystrophy
• VIN
• Vitiligo
• Partial albinism
• Intertrigo
• Radiation treatment
DARK LESION
• Lentigo
• Nevi (mole)
• Neoplasm (vulvar)
• Reactive hyperpigmentation
• Seborrheic keratosis
• Pubic lice
ULCERATIVE LESION
Infection
• Herpes simplex
• Vaccinia
• Treponema pallidum
• Granuloma inguinale
• Pyoderma
• Tuberculosis
Noninfectious
• Behçet’s syndrome
• Crohn’s disease
• Pemphigus
• Pemphigoid
• Hidradenitis suppurativa
Neoplasm
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Vulvar tumor <1 cm: condyloma acuminatum, molluscum contagiosum, epidermal inclusion, vestibular cyst, mesonephric duct, VIN, hemangioma, hidradenoma, neurofibroma, syringoma, accessory breast tissue, acrochordon, endometriosis, Fox-Fordyce
disease, pilonidal sinus
• Vulvar tumor >1 cm: Bartholin’s cyst or abscess, lymphogranuloma venereum, fibroma, lipoma, verrucous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, hernia, edema, hematoma, acrochordon, epidermal cysts, neurofibromatosis, accessory breast tissue
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Volume Excess
PRIMARY RENAL SODIUM RETENTION (INCREASED
EFFECTIVE CIRCULATING VOLUME)
• Renal failure, nephritic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis
• Primary hyperaldosteronism
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Liver disease
SECONDARY RENAL SODIUM RETENTION (DECREASED
EFFECTIVE CIRCULATING VOLUME)
• Heart failure
• Liver disease
• Nephrotic syndrome (minimal change disease)
• Pregnancy
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Uveitis
• Glaucoma
• Conjunctivitis
• Retinal detachment
• Retinopathy
• Keratitis
• Scleritis
• Episcleritis
Vaginal Bleeding
ANY GESTATIONAL AGE
• Cervical lesions: polyps, decidual reaction, neoplasia
• Vaginal trauma
• Cervicitis/vulvovaginitis
• Postcoital trauma
• Bleeding dyscrasias
GESTATION <20 WEEKS
• Spontaneous abortion
• Presence of intrauterine device
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Molar pregnancy
• Implantation bleeding
• Low-lying placenta
GESTATION >20 WEEKS
• Molar pregnancy
• Placenta previa
• Placental abruption
• Vasa previa
• Marginal separation of the placenta
• Bloody show at term
• Preterm labor
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vaginal Bleeding in Pregnancy
FIRST TRIMESTER
• Implantation bleeding
• Abortion
• Threatened
• Complete
• Incomplete
• Missed
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Neoplasia
• Hydatidiform mole
• Cervix
THIRD TRIMESTER
• Placenta previa
• Placental abruption
• Premature labor
• Choriocarcinoma
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.