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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Phobias
• Panic attacks: anxiety symptoms seen in specific phobia may resemble panic attacks, but the stimulus in specific phobias or social phobias is clear, whereas panic attacks seem more random.
• Generalized anxiety disorder: difficult to distinguish from social phobia; but in social phobia, the cognitive focus is fear of embarrassment or humiliation, whereas in generalized anxiety disorder, the focus is more internal on the subjective sensations of discomfort.
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Photosensitivity
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Solar urticaria
• Porphyria cutanea tarda
• Polymorphous light eruption
• Phototoxic reaction
• Photoallergic reaction
• Drug induced (e.g., tetracyclines)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pituitary Adenoma
PROLACTINOMA
• Pregnancy
• Postpartum puerperium
• Primary hypothyroidism
• Breast disease
• Breast stimulation
• Drug ingestion (especially phenothiazines, antidepressants, haloperidol, methyldopa, reserpine, opiates, amphetamines, and cimetidine)
• Chronic renal failure
• Liver disease
• Polycystic ovary disease
• Chest wall disorders
• Spinal cord lesions
• Previous cranial irradiation
ACROMEGALY
• Ectopic production of GH-releasing hormone from a carcinoid or other neuroendocrine tumor
CUSHING’S DISEASE
• Diseases that cause ectopic sources of ACTH overproduction (including small cell carcinoma of the lung, bronchial carcinoid, intestinal carcinoid, pancreatic islet cell tumor, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma)
• Adrenal adenomas, adrenal carcinoma
• Nelson’s syndrome
THYROTROPIN-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMAS
• Primary hypothyroidism
NONSECRETORY PITUITARY ADENOMA
• Non-neoplastic mass lesions of various etiologies (e.g., infectious, granulomatous)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pityriasis Rosea
• Viral exanthem
• Tinea versicolor (the lesions are more brown and the borders are not as ovoid)
• Tinea corporis (can be ruled out by potassium hydroxide examination)
• Secondary syphilis (absence of herald patch, positive serologic test result for syphilis)
• Psoriasis
• Nummular eczema
• Lichen planus
• Eczema
• Drug eruption
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.