Medicine - kembara Xtra

Published on: April 18, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
• Stroke, mass lesion, or trauma affecting upper brainstem, thalamus, and associated structures
• Thiamine deficiency, including alcohol abuse, malnutrition, and iatrogenic cause

Published on: April 18, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of West Nile Virus Infection

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of West Nile Virus Infection
• Bacterial meningitis
• Fungal meningitis (e.g., cryptococcal infection)
• Meningitis or encephalitis caused by more common viruses (e.g., enteroviruses, herpes simplex)
• Tuberculous meningitis
• Vasculitis

Published on: April 18, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Wheezing

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Wheezing
• Anaphylaxis
• Asthma
• Carcinoid syndrome
• Cardiac asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Foreign body aspiration
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with aspiration
• Infections (pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, epiglottitis)
• Interstitial lung disease
• Obstruction airway (neoplasm, goiter, edema or hemorrhage from trauma, aneurysm, congenital abnormalities, strictures, spasm)
• Pulmonary embolism

Published on: April 18, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vesiculopustules, Newborn Infants

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vesiculopustules, Newborn Infants
• Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
• Congenital herpes simplex
• Erythema toxicum neonatorum
• Genodermatosis
• Impetigo
• Miliaria
• Scabies
• Syphilis
• Transient neonatal pustulosis

Published on: April 18, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vestibular Neuronitis

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vestibular Neuronitis
• Brainstem and cerebellar infarction
• Labyrinthine infarction
• Labyrinthitis: similar cause but includes hearing loss
• Migraine-associated vertigo
• Multiple sclerosis
• Perilymph fistula

Published on: April 18, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Acute Painful Vision Loss

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Acute Painful Vision Loss
• Acute angle-closure glaucoma
• Corneal ulcer
• Endophthalmitis
• Factitious
• Somatization syndrome
• Trauma
• Uveitis

Published on: April 18, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vision Loss, Acute, Painless

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vision Loss, Acute, Painless
• Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
• Exudative macular degeneration
• Factitious
• Ischemic optic neuropathy
• Optic neuritis
• Retinal artery occlusion
• Retinal detachment
• Retinal vein occlusion
• Somatization syndrome, anxiety reaction
• Vitreous hemorrhage

Published on: April 18, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Progressive Vision Loss

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Progressive Vision Loss
• Cataract
• Cerebral neoplasm
• Macular degeneration
• Open-angle glaucoma
• Refractive error

Published on: April 18, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Transient Monocular Vision Loss

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Transient Monocular Vision Loss
• Anxiety reaction
• CNS tumor
• Migraine (vasospasm)
• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Temporal arteritis
• Thromboembolism
• Vasculitis

Published on: April 18, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vitiligo

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Vitiligo
ACQUIRED
• Chemical induced
• Halo nevus
• Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
• Leprosy
• Leukoderma associated with melanoma
• Pityriasis alba
• Postinflammatory hypopigmentation
• Tinea versicolor
• Vogt-Koyanagi syndrome (vitiligo, uveitis, deafness)
CONGENITAL
• Albinism, partial (piebaldism)
• Albinism, total
• Nevus anemicus
• Nevus depigmentosus
• Tuberous sclerosis