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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Diverticular Disease
• Carcinoma of colon
• Endometriosis
• Infections (pseudomembranous colitis, appendicitis, pyelonephritis, pelvic inflammatory disease [PID])
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Ischemic colitis
• Lactose intolerance
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Dizziness
• Air or sea travel
• Alcohol or drug abuse
• Anxiety, hyperventilation
• Arteritis
• Autonomic neuropathy
• Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo
• Brainstem infarct
• Cardiac abnormalities (arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, CHF,
• Cerebellopontine tumor
• Cervical osteoarthritis
• Chronic otomastoiditis
• Complex partial seizures
• Electrolyte abnormalities
• Eye problems (cornea, lens, retina)
• Head trauma
• Hematologic disorders (e.g., anemia, polycythemia, leukemia)
• Hepatic or renal disease
• Hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia
• Medications (e.g., sedatives, antihypertensives, analgesics)
• Meniere’s disease
• Migraine
• Multiple sclerosis
• Perilymph fistula
• Peripheral vestibulopathy
• Postural hypotension
• Ramsay Hunt syndrome
• Syncope and presyncope
• Vertebrobasilar ischemia
• Viral syndrome
• Withdrawal from medications (e.g., benzodiazepines, SSRIs)
pericarditis)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Drug Eruption
• Viral exanthem such as enterovirus, echovirus, cytomegalovirus
• Secondary syphilis
• Scarlet fever
• Rubella
• Primary HIV disease
• Measles
• Kawasaki’s disease
• Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
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 Symptoms and Signs -  Dry Eye
• Contacts
• Environmental causes (air-conditioning in patient with contacts)
• Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
• Medications (antihistamines, clonidine, β-blockers, ibuprofen, scopolamine) 
• Trauma
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Dermatosis by Morphology
MACULES
Hypopigmented
• Halo nevus
• Leprosy
• Postinflammatory
• Sarcoidosis
• Tinea versicolor
• Tuberous sclerosis
• Vitiligo
Hyperpigmented
• Café au lait spot
• Drug eruption
• Ephelis (freckle)
• Lentigo
• Mastocytosis
• Melanoma
• Melasma
• Mongolian spot
• Nevus
• Ochronosis
• Postinflammatory
• Purpura
• Stasis dermatitis
Erythematous
• Drug eruption
• Rheumatic fever
• Secondary syphilis
• Viral exanthem

PAPULES
Isolated Papules
• Acrochordon
• Actinic keratosis
• Angiofibroma
• Angioma
• Appendageal tumors (benign or malignant)
• Bacillary angiomatosis
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis
• Dermatofibroma
• Fungal infections, early
• Hemangioma
• Keratoacanthoma
• Melanoma
• Milia
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Neurofibroma
• Nevus
• Pyogenic granuloma
• Sebaceous hyperplasia
• Seborrheic keratosis
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Wart
Papular Eruptions
• Acne rosacea
• Acne vulgaris
• Appendageal tumors (usually benign)
• Arthropod bite
• Bacillary angiomatosis
• Dermatomyositis
• Drug eruption
• Eczematous dermatitis
• Flat warts
• Folliculitis
• Granuloma annulare
• Keratosis pilaris
• Lichen nitidus
• Lichen planus
• Lichen sclerosus
• Lupus erythematosus
• Lymphoma
• Miliaria
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Neurofibromatosis
• Pediculosis corporis
• Perioral dermatitis
• Pityriasis rosea
• Polymorphous light eruption
• Pruritic urticarial papules, plaques of pregnancy
• Psoriasis
• Sarcoidosis
• Sarcoma (Kaposi’s, other)
• Scabies
• Syphilis
• Urticaria
• Vasculitis
• Venous lake
• Viral exanthem
• Xanthoma

PUSTULES
• Acne rosacea/perioral dermatitis
• Acne vulgaris
• Arthropod bite (fire ants)
• Drug eruption
• Eosinophilic folliculitis
• Erythema toxicum neonatorum
• Folliculitis
• Fungal or yeast infections, especially tinea capitis and Majocchi’s
granuloma
• Furunculosis
• Gonorrhea, disseminated
• Herpes simplex/zoster
• Impetigo
• Keratosis pilaris
• Neonatal pustulosis
• Pseudofolliculitis barbae
• Pustular psoriasis
• Pyoderma gangrenosum
• Syphilis
• Varicella

PLAQUES
• Acanthosis nigricans
• Candidiasis
• Cellulitis
• Deep fungal infections
• Dermatomyositis
• Diaper dermatitis
• Eczematous dermatitis, including lichen simplex chronicus
• Erythrasma
• Fungal infections (e.g., tinea corporis, pedis, cruris, manus)
• Granuloma annulare
• Ichthyosis
• Lichen planus
• Lichen sclerosus
• Lupus erythematosus
• Lyme disease
• Lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell
• Morphea
• Myxedema
• Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum
• Paget’s disease, mammary/extramammary
• Pityriasis rosea
• Psoriasis
• Sarcoidosis
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Sweet’s syndrome
• Syphilis
• Tinea versicolor
• Vasculitis
• Xanthelasma

NODULES AND TUMORS
• Acrochordon
• Angioma
• Appendageal tumors
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Callus/clavus
• Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis
• Erythema nodosum
• Hidradenitis suppurativa
• Histiocytosis
• Inclusion cyst
• Kaposi’s sarcoma
• Keloid
• Lipoma
• Lymphoma, cutaneous
• Melanoma
• Metastatic carcinoma
• Neurofibroma
• Nevus
• Prurigo nodularis
• Pyogenic granuloma
• Seborrheic keratosis
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Syphilis
• Tuberous sclerosis
• Venous lake
• Wart
• Xanthoma

VESICLES AND BULLAE
• Bullous disease in diabetes
• Bullous pemphigoid
• Burn
• Cellulitis
• Congenital syphilis
• Contact dermatitis
• Dermatitis herpetiformis
• Eczema, especially of the hand/foot
• Epidermolysis bullosa
• Erythema multiforme
• Fixed drug eruption
• Fungal infections, especially tinea pedis
• Herpes gestationis
• Herpes simplex
• Herpes zoster
• Id reaction
• Impetigo
• Insect bite reaction
• Lichen planus
• Lupus erythematosus, bullous
• Pemphigus vulgaris/foliaceus
• Porphyria cutanea tarda
• Scabies
• Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
• Streptococcal toxic shock–like syndrome
• Toxic epidermal necrolysis
• Varicella
• Vasculitis

EROSIONS AND ULCERS
Mouth
• Aphthae
• Avitaminosis
• Bullous pemphigoid
• Burn
• Candidiasis
• Epidermolysis bullosa
• Erythema multiforme
• Hand-foot-mouth disease
• Herpangina
• Herpes simplex
• Lichen planus
• Lupus erythematosus
• Pemphigus vulgaris
• Perlèche
• Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Genital
• Balanitis
• Candidiasis
• Chancroid
• Diaper dermatitis, severe
• Erythema multiforme
• Fixed drug eruption
• Fungal infections, tinea cruris
• Herpes simplex
• Intertrigo
• Lichen planus
• Lichen sclerosus
• Lymphogranuloma venereum
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Syphilis
Other
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Bullous pemphigoid
• Ecthyma
• Erythema multiforme
• Ischemia
• Necrobiosis lipoidica
• Pemphigus vulgaris
• Porphyria cutanea tarda
• Pyoderma gangrenosum
• Spider bite
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Stasis ulcer
• Toxic epidermal necrosis

DESQUAMATION
• Exfoliative dermatitis
• Kawasaki’s syndrome
• Keratolysis exfoliativa (hands and feet)
• Scarlet fever
• Scarlatiniform eruption
• Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
• Toxic shock syndrome (late)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis  of Dermatosis by Region
SCALP
Papules/Plaques
• Actinic keratosis
• Appendageal tumor
• Cyst
• Hemangioma
• Lichen planopilaris
• Lupus erythematosus
• Melanoma
• Nevus
• Seborrheic keratosis
Nodules
• Actinic keratosis
• Appendageal tumor
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Cyst
• Hemangioma
• Kerion
• Metastatic carcinoma
• Nevus
• Prurigo nodularis
• Seborrheic keratosis
Eruptions
• Contact dermatitis
• Dissecting cellulitis
• Eczema
• Folliculitis
• Herpes zoster
• Pediculosis capitis
• Psoriasis
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Tinea capitis
Alopecias
• Alopecia areata
• Anagen effluvium
• Androgenic alopecia
• Discoid lupus erythematosus
• Hypervitaminosis A
• Lichen planopilaris
• Syphilis
• Systemic disease
• Telogen effluvium
• Tinea capitis
• Traction/chemical alopecia
• Trichotillomania
FACE
Isolated Papules
• Acrochordon
• Actinic keratosis
• Angioma
• Appendageal tumors
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Cyst
• Dermatosis papulosa nigra
• Hemangioma
• Keratoacanthoma
• Lentigo maligna
• Milia
• Nevus
• Sebaceous hyperplasia
• Seborrheic keratosis
• Solar lentigo
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Telangiectasia
• Venous lake
• Xanthelasma
Eruptions
• Acne rosacea
• Acne vulgaris
• Adenoma sebaceum
• Dermatomyositis
• Eczema, including contact dermatitis
• Erysipelas
• Favre-Racouchot (comedones in actinically damaged skin)
• Fifth disease
• Herpes simplex/zoster
• Impetigo
• Lupus erythematosus
• Lymphocytoma cutis
• Melasma
• Pemphigoid/pemphigus
• Perioral dermatitis
• Photodrug eruption
• Pityriasis alba
• Postinflammatory hypopigmentation
• Psoriasis
• Sarcoidosis
• Scleroderma
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Steroid rosacea
• Syphilis
• Tinea corporis
• Urticaria, angioedema
• Warts, especially flat or molluscum
ORAL MUCOSA
See also Dermatosis by Morphology, Erosions, and Ulcers.
• Kaposi’s sarcoma
• Leukoplakia
• Melanoma
• Mucous cysts
• Oral hairy leukoplakia
• Oral melanotic macule
• Pyogenic granuloma
• Verruca
AXILLA
• Acanthosis nigricans
• Acrochordon
• Axillary freckling in neurofibromatosis
• Bullous pemphigoid
• Contact dermatitis
• Epidermal inclusion cyst
• Erythrasma
• Fox-Fordyce disease
• Fungal or yeast infections
• Hailey-Hailey disease
• Hidradenitis suppurativa
• Intertrigo
• Pediculosis corporis
• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
• Scabies
• Striae distensae
• Trichomycosis axillaris
HANDS AND FEET
Isolated Papules
• Actinic keratosis
• Arsenical keratosis
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Callus/clavus
• Felon
• Keratoacanthoma
• Melanoma
• Nevus
• Painful fat herniations
• Pyogenic granuloma
• Solar lentigo
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Warts
Eruptions
• Acute or chronic paronychia
• Cutaneous larva migrans (feet)
• Dermatomyositis
• Drug eruption
• Eczema, including contact dermatitis
• Emboli
• Epidermolysis bullosa
• Erythema multiforme
• Granuloma annulare
• Hand-foot-mouth disease
• Herpetic whitlow
• Hyperhidrosis
• Juvenile plantar dermatosis
• Keratolysis exfoliativa
• Lichen planus (wrists, ankles)
• Lupus erythematosus
• Pitted keratolysis (feet)
• Pityriasis rubra pilaris
• Porphyria cutanea tarda
• Psoriasis
• Reiter’s syndrome
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever
• Scabies
• Scleroderma
• Syphilis
• Tinea pedis, manus
• Viral exanthems
• Vitiligo
GENITALIA/INGUINAL
• Acrochordons
• Acrodermatitis enteropathica
• Angiokeratoma
• Balanitis
• Bowen’s disease
• Candidiasis
• Chancroid
• Condylomata acuminata
• Contact dermatitis
• Diaper dermatitis
• Erythema multiforme
• Erythrasma
• Fixed drug eruption
• Folliculitis
• Furunculosis
• Herpes simplex/zoster
• Hidradenitis suppurativa
• Intertrigo
• Kawasaki’s syndrome
• Lichen planus
• Lichen sclerosus
• Lichen simplex chronicus
• Lymphogranuloma venereum
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Paget’s disease, extramammary
• Pearly penile papules
• Pediculosis pubis
• Perianal streptococcal cellulitis
• Pinworm
• Pityriasis rubra pilaris
• Psoriasis
• Reiter’s syndrome
• Scabies
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Syphilis
• Tinea cruris
PHOTODISTRIBUTED
• Dermatomyositis
• Lupus erythematosus
• Pellagra
• Photodrug eruption
• Polymorphous light eruption
• Porphyria cutanea tarda
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus
• Diabetes mellitus (DM), nephropathies
• Osmotic diuresis (glucose, mannitol, anticholinergics)
• Primary polydipsia, medications (e.g., chlorpromazine)
• Psychogenic polydipsia, electrolyte disturbances
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Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.