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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Dermatomyositis
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Atopic dermatitis
• Contact dermatitis
• Diabetic amyotrophy
• Drug-induced myopathies
• Eaton-Lambert syndrome
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism
• Inclusion body myositis
• Lichen planus
• Muscular dystrophies
• Myasthenia gravis
• Polymyositis
• Psoriasis
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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Symptoms and Sign – Differential Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease
• Carcinoid tumors
• Celiac sprue
• Collagenous colitis
• Colon carcinoma
• Diverticulitis
• Fungal infections (Histoplasma, Actinomyces)
• Gay bowel syndrome (in homosexual patient)
• Infectious diseases (TB, Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter)
• Irradiation enteritis
• Ischemic colitis in elderly patients
• Lymphoma
• Mesenteric adenitis
• Parasitic infections (amebic infection)
• Pseudomembranous colitis
• Ulcerative colitis
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​Symptoms and Sign – Differential Diagnosis of Cryptococcosis
• Skin lesions confused with bacterial cellulitis or molluscum contagiosum
• Pulmonary involvement confused with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia when diffuse or confused with TB or bacterial pneumonia when focal or involving the pleura
• Intracranial mass lesion (neoplasms, toxoplasmosis, TB)
• Acute or subacute meningitis (caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Histoplasma capsulatum, viruses)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
• Adrenogenital syndrome Cutaneous Infections, Athletes
• Alcoholic pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome (endogenous cortisol overproduction)
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Cervical disk syndrome with radicular arm symptoms
• Erythrasma
• Folliculitis
• Furuncles
• Herpes simplex
• Impetigo
• Medial elbow instability
• Medial epicondylitis
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Obesity associated with diabetes mellitus (DM)
• Otitis externa
• Tinea cruris
• Tinea pedis
• Ulnar nerve compression at wrist (Guyon’s canal) Cushing’s Syndrome
• Verruca vulgaris
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cutaneous Larva Migrans
• Bacterial folliculitis
• Cercarial dermatitis
• Contact dermatitis
• Creeping hair
• Dirofilariasis
• Dracunculiasis
• Erythema chronicum migrans of Lyme disease
• Fascioliasis
• Ground itch
• Herpes zoster
• Impetigo
• Jellyfish stings
• Lichen striatus
• Loiasis
• Migratory myiasis
• Mondor’s disease
• Onchocerciasis
• Phytophotodermatitis
• Scabies
• Superficial thrombophlebitis
• Tinea pedis/corporis
• Toxocariasis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cutis Laxa
• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
• Morphea
• Marfan syndrome
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Atrophoderma (disorders characterized by a depression in the skin surface)
• Anetoderma (localized area of lax skin often with herniation of underlying tissues)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cyanosis
• Aortic aneurysm
• Arterial obstruction
• Atelectasis
• Congenital heart disease with right-to-left shunt
• Decreased cardiac output
• Elevated hemidiaphragm
• Eventration
• Hemoglobinopathies
• Hypoxia
• Idiopathic
• Infectious process (pneumonia, empyema, TB, subphrenic abscess, hepatic abscess)
• Intra-abdominal mass
• Neoplasm (bronchogenic carcinoma, mediastinal neoplasm, intrahepatic lesion)
• Phrenic nerve dysfunction (myelitis, myotonia, herpes zoster)
• Pleurisy
• Pulmonary atrioventricular (AV) fistulas
• Pulmonary disease (oxygen diffusion and alveolar ventilation abnormalities)
• Pulmonary edema
• Pulmonary embolism
• Pulmonary infarction
• Radiation therapy
• Rib fracture
• Substernal thyroid
• Superior vena cava syndrome
• Trauma to phrenic nerve or diaphragm (e.g., surgery)
• Vasospasm
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.