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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of IgA Nephropathy
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura
• Hereditary nephritis
• Lupus nephritis
• Poststreptococcal nephritis
• Secondary causes associated with IgA nephropathy
• Thin glomerular basement membrane disease
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura
• Hereditary nephritis
• Lupus nephritis
• Poststreptococcal nephritis
• Secondary causes associated with IgA nephropathy
• Thin glomerular basement membrane disease
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Iliac Left Sided Fossa Pain
• Acute diverticulitis
• Acute gastroenteritis
• Colonic carcinoma
• Colonic ischemia
• Localized small bowel perforation
• Nonspecific left iliac fossa pain including constipation
• Acute diverticulitis
• Acute gastroenteritis
• Colonic carcinoma
• Colonic ischemia
• Localized small bowel perforation
• Nonspecific left iliac fossa pain including constipation
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Right Sided Iliac Fossa Pain
• Acute appendicitis
• Acute inflammation of Meckel’s diverticulum
• Acute salpingitis (pelvic inflammatory disease)
• Cecal carcinoma
• Crohn’s disease of the terminal ileum
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Endometriosis
• Inflammatory cecal lesion (e.g., diverticulitis in a solitary cecal diverticulum)
• Inflammatory lesion of the terminal ileum (e.g., foreign body perforation)
• Mesenteric adenitis
• Nonspecific right iliac fossa pain
• Rupture/torsion or hemorrhage of an ovarian cyst
• Ruptured ovarian follicle (mittelschmerz)
• Terminal ileitis
• Urinary tract infection
• Acute appendicitis
• Acute inflammation of Meckel’s diverticulum
• Acute salpingitis (pelvic inflammatory disease)
• Cecal carcinoma
• Crohn’s disease of the terminal ileum
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Endometriosis
• Inflammatory cecal lesion (e.g., diverticulitis in a solitary cecal diverticulum)
• Inflammatory lesion of the terminal ileum (e.g., foreign body perforation)
• Mesenteric adenitis
• Nonspecific right iliac fossa pain
• Rupture/torsion or hemorrhage of an ovarian cyst
• Ruptured ovarian follicle (mittelschmerz)
• Terminal ileitis
• Urinary tract infection
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
• Congenital thrombocytopenias (e.g., Fanconi’s syndrome, May- Hegglin anomaly, Bernard-Soulier syndrome)
• Drug induced (e.g., heparin, quinidine, sulfonamides)
• Falsely low platelet count (resulting from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA]–dependent or cold dependent agglutinins)
• Hypersplenism resulting from liver disease
• Myelodysplastic and lymphoproliferative disorders
• Pregnancy, hypothyroidism
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)
• Viral infections (e.g., HIV infection, mononucleosis, rubella)
• Congenital thrombocytopenias (e.g., Fanconi’s syndrome, May- Hegglin anomaly, Bernard-Soulier syndrome)
• Drug induced (e.g., heparin, quinidine, sulfonamides)
• Falsely low platelet count (resulting from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA]–dependent or cold dependent agglutinins)
• Hypersplenism resulting from liver disease
• Myelodysplastic and lymphoproliferative disorders
• Pregnancy, hypothyroidism
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)
• Viral infections (e.g., HIV infection, mononucleosis, rubella)
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Impetigo
• Acute allergic contact dermatitis
• Chickenpox
• Ecthyma
• Eczema
• Folliculitis
• Herpes simplex infection
• Insect bites
• Pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid
• Scabies
• Tinea corporis
• Acute allergic contact dermatitis
• Chickenpox
• Ecthyma
• Eczema
• Folliculitis
• Herpes simplex infection
• Insect bites
• Pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid
• Scabies
• Tinea corporis
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Impotence
• Endocrine: hyperprolactinemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), Cushing’s syndrome, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, abnormality of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis
• Medications
• Neurogenic: autonomic or sensory neuropathy, spinal cord trauma or tumor, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), multiple sclerosis (MS), temporal lobe epilepsy
• Peyronie’s disease
• Prostatectomy
• Psychogenic
• Systemic illness: renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cirrhosis of liver, myotonic dystrophy
• Vascular: arterial insufficiency, venous leakage, arteriovenous (AV) malformation, local trauma
• Endocrine: hyperprolactinemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), Cushing’s syndrome, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, abnormality of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis
• Medications
• Neurogenic: autonomic or sensory neuropathy, spinal cord trauma or tumor, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), multiple sclerosis (MS), temporal lobe epilepsy
• Peyronie’s disease
• Prostatectomy
• Psychogenic
• Systemic illness: renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cirrhosis of liver, myotonic dystrophy
• Vascular: arterial insufficiency, venous leakage, arteriovenous (AV) malformation, local trauma
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Persistent Hyperventilation
• Sepsis
• Salicylate intoxication
• Psychogenic (e.g., anxiety)
• Metabolic acidosis (e.g., diabetes, uremia)
• Hepatic coma
• Fibrotic lung disease
• Fever
• CNS disorders (midbrain and pontine lesions)
• Sepsis
• Salicylate intoxication
• Psychogenic (e.g., anxiety)
• Metabolic acidosis (e.g., diabetes, uremia)
• Hepatic coma
• Fibrotic lung disease
• Fever
• CNS disorders (midbrain and pontine lesions)
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Serum Hyperviscosity
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
• Polycythemia
• Monoclonal gammopathies (Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma)
• Leukemia
• Hyperfibrinogenemia
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
• Polycythemia
• Monoclonal gammopathies (Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma)
• Leukemia
• Hyperfibrinogenemia
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hypoalbuminemia
• Severe burns
• Rapid IV hydration
• Protein-losing enteropathies (inflammatory bowel disease [IBD])
• Prolonged immobilization
• Pregnancy
• Poor nutritional status
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Neoplasia
• Lymphomas
• Liver disease
• Hypervitaminosis A
• Chronic inflammatory diseases
• Chronic glomerulonephritis
• Severe burns
• Rapid IV hydration
• Protein-losing enteropathies (inflammatory bowel disease [IBD])
• Prolonged immobilization
• Pregnancy
• Poor nutritional status
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Neoplasia
• Lymphomas
• Liver disease
• Hypervitaminosis A
• Chronic inflammatory diseases
• Chronic glomerulonephritis
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hypoaldosteronism
Pseudohypoaldosteronism: renal unresponsiveness to aldosterone. In this condition, both renin and aldosterone levels are elevated.Pseudohypoaldosteronism can be caused by medications (spironolactone), chronic interstitial nephritis, systemic disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis), or primary mineralocorticoid resistance.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism: renal unresponsiveness to aldosterone. In this condition, both renin and aldosterone levels are elevated.Pseudohypoaldosteronism can be caused by medications (spironolactone), chronic interstitial nephritis, systemic disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis), or primary mineralocorticoid resistance.
