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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy
• Threatened or incomplete abortion
• Rupture or torsion of ovarian cyst
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Gastroenteritis
• Endometriosis
• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
• Degenerating uterine fibroids
• Corpus luteum cyst
• Appendicitis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Edema in Children
CARDIOVASCULAR
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Acute thrombi or emboli
• Vasculitis of many types
RENAL
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Glomerulonephritis of many types
• End-stage renal failure
ENDOCRINE OR METABOLIC
• Thyroid disease
• Starvation
• Hereditary angioedema
IATROGENIC
• Drugs (diuretics and steroids)
• Water or salt overload
HEMATOLOGIC
• Hemolytic disease of the newborn
GASTROINTESTINAL
• Hepatic cirrhosis
• Protein-losing enteritis
• Lymphangiectasis
• Cystic fibrosis (CF)
• Celiac disease
• Enteritis of many types
LYMPHATIC ABNORMALITIES
• Congenital (gonadal dysgenesis)
• Acquired
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Generalized Edema, 
• Pregnancy
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Myxedema
• Medications (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], estrogens, vasodilators)
• Idiopathic
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Cirrhosis
• Acute nephritic syndrome
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Unilateral Edema, in Leg 
WITH PAIN
• Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
• Postphlebitic syndrome
• Popliteal cyst rupture
• Gastrocnemius rupture
• Cellulitis
• Psoas or other abscess
WITHOUT PAIN
• DVT
• Postphlebitic syndrome
• Other venous insufficiency (after saphenous vein harvest,
varicosities)
• Lymphatic obstruction/lymphedema (carcinoma, lymphoma,
sarcoidosis, filariasis, retroperitoneal fibrosis)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Edema of Lower Extremities
• Abdominal pelvic mass: neoplasm, cyst
• Bilateral cellulitis
• Bilateral thrombophlebitis
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Hepatic cirrhosis
• Lymphedema
• Myxedema
• Nephrosis
• Pregnancy
• Retroperitoneal fibrosis
• Varicose veins
• Vena cava thrombosis, venous thrombosis
• Venous compression from abdominal aneurysm
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Ejaculation Disorders
• Anxiety disorder
• Erectile dysfunction
• Low seminal volume attributable to hypogonadism or ejaculatory duct obstruction
• Medications (e.g., SSRIs, β-blockers, tricyclic antidepressants)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Digitalis Overdose
• AV node dysfunction
• Calcium channel blockers
• Cardiac conduction abnormalities
• Clonidine
• Cyclic antidepressants
• Electrolyte abnormalities
• Encainide and flecainide
• Foxglove
• Hyperkalemia
• Lily of the valley
• Medications
• Oleander
• Plants producing digitalis-like glycosides
• Procainamide
• Propoxyphene
• Quinidine
• Sick sinus syndrome
• β-Blockers
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.