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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis  of Dermatosis by Region
SCALP
Papules/Plaques
• Actinic keratosis
• Appendageal tumor
• Cyst
• Hemangioma
• Lichen planopilaris
• Lupus erythematosus
• Melanoma
• Nevus
• Seborrheic keratosis
Nodules
• Actinic keratosis
• Appendageal tumor
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Cyst
• Hemangioma
• Kerion
• Metastatic carcinoma
• Nevus
• Prurigo nodularis
• Seborrheic keratosis
Eruptions
• Contact dermatitis
• Dissecting cellulitis
• Eczema
• Folliculitis
• Herpes zoster
• Pediculosis capitis
• Psoriasis
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Tinea capitis
Alopecias
• Alopecia areata
• Anagen effluvium
• Androgenic alopecia
• Discoid lupus erythematosus
• Hypervitaminosis A
• Lichen planopilaris
• Syphilis
• Systemic disease
• Telogen effluvium
• Tinea capitis
• Traction/chemical alopecia
• Trichotillomania
FACE
Isolated Papules
• Acrochordon
• Actinic keratosis
• Angioma
• Appendageal tumors
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Cyst
• Dermatosis papulosa nigra
• Hemangioma
• Keratoacanthoma
• Lentigo maligna
• Milia
• Nevus
• Sebaceous hyperplasia
• Seborrheic keratosis
• Solar lentigo
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Telangiectasia
• Venous lake
• Xanthelasma
Eruptions
• Acne rosacea
• Acne vulgaris
• Adenoma sebaceum
• Dermatomyositis
• Eczema, including contact dermatitis
• Erysipelas
• Favre-Racouchot (comedones in actinically damaged skin)
• Fifth disease
• Herpes simplex/zoster
• Impetigo
• Lupus erythematosus
• Lymphocytoma cutis
• Melasma
• Pemphigoid/pemphigus
• Perioral dermatitis
• Photodrug eruption
• Pityriasis alba
• Postinflammatory hypopigmentation
• Psoriasis
• Sarcoidosis
• Scleroderma
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Steroid rosacea
• Syphilis
• Tinea corporis
• Urticaria, angioedema
• Warts, especially flat or molluscum
ORAL MUCOSA
See also Dermatosis by Morphology, Erosions, and Ulcers.
• Kaposi’s sarcoma
• Leukoplakia
• Melanoma
• Mucous cysts
• Oral hairy leukoplakia
• Oral melanotic macule
• Pyogenic granuloma
• Verruca
AXILLA
• Acanthosis nigricans
• Acrochordon
• Axillary freckling in neurofibromatosis
• Bullous pemphigoid
• Contact dermatitis
• Epidermal inclusion cyst
• Erythrasma
• Fox-Fordyce disease
• Fungal or yeast infections
• Hailey-Hailey disease
• Hidradenitis suppurativa
• Intertrigo
• Pediculosis corporis
• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
• Scabies
• Striae distensae
• Trichomycosis axillaris
HANDS AND FEET
Isolated Papules
• Actinic keratosis
• Arsenical keratosis
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Callus/clavus
• Felon
• Keratoacanthoma
• Melanoma
• Nevus
• Painful fat herniations
• Pyogenic granuloma
• Solar lentigo
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Warts
Eruptions
• Acute or chronic paronychia
• Cutaneous larva migrans (feet)
• Dermatomyositis
• Drug eruption
• Eczema, including contact dermatitis
• Emboli
• Epidermolysis bullosa
• Erythema multiforme
• Granuloma annulare
• Hand-foot-mouth disease
• Herpetic whitlow
• Hyperhidrosis
• Juvenile plantar dermatosis
• Keratolysis exfoliativa
• Lichen planus (wrists, ankles)
• Lupus erythematosus
• Pitted keratolysis (feet)
• Pityriasis rubra pilaris
• Porphyria cutanea tarda
• Psoriasis
• Reiter’s syndrome
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever
• Scabies
• Scleroderma
• Syphilis
• Tinea pedis, manus
• Viral exanthems
• Vitiligo
GENITALIA/INGUINAL
• Acrochordons
• Acrodermatitis enteropathica
• Angiokeratoma
• Balanitis
• Bowen’s disease
• Candidiasis
• Chancroid
• Condylomata acuminata
• Contact dermatitis
• Diaper dermatitis
• Erythema multiforme
• Erythrasma
• Fixed drug eruption
• Folliculitis
• Furunculosis
• Herpes simplex/zoster
• Hidradenitis suppurativa
• Intertrigo
• Kawasaki’s syndrome
• Lichen planus
• Lichen sclerosus
• Lichen simplex chronicus
• Lymphogranuloma venereum
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Paget’s disease, extramammary
• Pearly penile papules
• Pediculosis pubis
• Perianal streptococcal cellulitis
• Pinworm
• Pityriasis rubra pilaris
• Psoriasis
• Reiter’s syndrome
• Scabies
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Syphilis
• Tinea cruris
PHOTODISTRIBUTED
• Dermatomyositis
• Lupus erythematosus
• Pellagra
• Photodrug eruption
• Polymorphous light eruption
• Porphyria cutanea tarda
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus
• Diabetes mellitus (DM), nephropathies
• Osmotic diuresis (glucose, mannitol, anticholinergics)
• Primary polydipsia, medications (e.g., chlorpromazine)
• Psychogenic polydipsia, electrolyte disturbances
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Acute Watery and Bloody Diarrhea 
ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEA
• Gastrointestinal infections
• Protozoal (e.g., Giardia)
• Bacterial (e.g., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, cholera)
• Viral (e.g., rotavirus, Norwalk virus)
• Drugs
• Toxins
• Dietary constituents (e.g., lactose intolerance)
• Onset of chronic diarrheal illness
ACUTE BLOODY DIARRHEA
• Infectious colitis
• Confluent proctocolitis (e.g., Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Entamoeba histolytica)
• Segmental colitis (e.g., Campylobacter, Salmonella, enteroinvasive
E. coli, Aeromonas, E. histolytica)
• Drug-induced colitis (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs])
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Ischemic colitis (usually elderly patient with underlying heart disease or arrhythmias)
• Antibiotic-associated colitis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Diarrhea in  Tube-Fed Patient
(causal association with diarrhea not documented)
• Antibiotic-induced sterile gut
• Bacterial contamination of enteral products and delivery systems
• Elixir medications containing sorbitol
• Formula hyperosmolality (proven not to be the cause of diarrhea)
• High fat content of formula (in the presence of fat malabsorption syndrome)
• Inadequate fiber to form stool bulk
• Lactose (absent from nearly all enteral feeding formulas)
• Magnesium-containing antacids
• Pseudomembranous colitis
• Rapid advancement in rate (after the GI tract is unused for  prolonged periods) 
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Depression
• Bipolar patients will frequently present with depression, but routine treatment with antidepressant medications may be detrimental in this group.
• Elderly patients: frequently coexists with dementia
• Hypothyroidism
• Major organ system disease (e.g., cardiovascular, liver, renal, neuronal diseases) with depressive symptoms
• Neurosyphilis
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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Compression neuropathy (e.g., superficial branch of the radial nerve “bracelet syndrome”)
• Gout
• Infection (e.g., TB, bacterial)
• Infiltrative tenosynovitis
• Ostearthritis

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