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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
• Trauma
• Thyroid exophthalmos
• Orbital cellulitis
• Mucormycosis
• Migraine headache
• Meningitis
• Internal carotid artery aneurysm
• Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
• Brain tumor
• Allergic blepharitis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cavitary Lesion on Chest Radiograph
NECROTIZING INFECTIONS
• Bacteria: anaerobes, Staphylococcus aureus, enteric gram-negative
bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella species, Haemophilus
influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Rhodococcus, Actinomyces
• Mycobacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii,
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI)
• Bacteria-like: Nocardia species
• Fungi: Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces
hominis, Aspergillus species, Mucor species
• Parasitic: Entamoeba histolytica, Echinococcus, Paragonimus
westermani

CAVITARY INFARCTION
• Bland infarction (with or without superimposed infection)
• Lung contusion

SEPTIC EMBOLISM
• S. aureus, anaerobes, others

VASCULITIS
• Wegener’s granulomatosis, periarteritis
NEOPLASMS
• Bronchogenic carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma

MISCELLANEOUS LESIONS
• Cysts, blebs, bullae, or pneumatocele with or without fluid
collections
• Sequestration
• Empyema with air-fluid level
• Bronchiectasis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Celiac Disease
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Intestinal parasitic infestations
• Laxative abuse
• Other: irritable bowel syndrome, tropical sprue, chronic pancreatitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, cystic fibrosis (children), lymphoma, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, short bowel syndrome, Whipple’s disease
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cellulitis
• Thrombophlebitis
• Septic arthritis
• Psoriasis
• Pseudogout
• Peripheral vascular insufficiency
• Paget’s disease of the breast
• Osteomyelitis
• Lymphedema
• Insect bite
• Erythrasma
• DVT
• Candida intertrigo
• Acute gout
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Ishcemic Cerebrovascular Disease
VASCULAR DISORDERS
• Large-vessel atherothrombotic disease
• Lacunar disease
• Arterial-to-arterial embolization
• Carotid or vertebral artery dissection
• Fibromuscular dysplasia
• Migraine
• Venous thrombosis
• Radiation
• Complications of arteriography
• Multiple, progressive intracranial arterial occlusions
INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
• Giant cell arteritis
• Polyarteritis nodosa
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Granulomatous angiitis
• Takayasu’s disease
• Arteritis associated with amphetamine, cocaine, or
phenylpropanolamine
• Syphilis, mucormycosis
• Sjögren’s syndrome
• Behçet’s syndrome
CARDIAC DISORDERS
• Rheumatic heart disease
• Mural thrombus
• Arrhythmias
• Mitral valve prolapse
• Prosthetic heart valve
• Endocarditis
• Myxoma
• Paradoxical embolus
HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Sickle cell disease
• Hypercoagulable states
• Polycythemia
• Thrombocytosis
• Leukocytosis
• Lupus anticoagulant
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cervical Dysplasia
• Adenocarcinoma in situ
• Condyloma
• Glandular epithelial abnormalities
• Hyperkeratosis
• Metaplasia
• Metastatic tumor involvement of the cervix
• Microinvasive carcinoma
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.