psychology 

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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autoscopic phenomena
Autoscopic phenomena are hallucinatory experiences in which a person perceives their own face or body in front of them as if seeing a mirror image, typically appearing colourless and transparent.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autoshaping
Autoshaping is a conditioning phenomenon where an animal develops a response to a stimulus without reinforcement for the response itself, because it learns the contingency between a conditioned stimulus and reinforcement; for example, pigeons may learn to peck an illuminated key that reliably precedes food delivery. It is compared with shaping.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autosomal disorder
An autosomal disorder is a genetic disorder determined by a gene on an autosome rather than a sex chromosome, such as Huntington’s disease or phenylketonuria.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autotopagnosia
Autotopagnosia is impaired ability to identify parts of one’s own body, often indicating a lesion along pathways between the thalamus and parietal lobe. It is frequently misspelled autopagnosia, is related to forms of agnosia such as finger agnosia, and is compared with asomatagnosia and topagnosia.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - aversion therapy
Aversion therapy is a behaviour-therapy technique aimed at reducing unwanted habits (such as smoking) by repeatedly pairing the behaviour or its cues with unpleasant stimuli (like electric shock) or unpleasant physiological reactions (like nausea induced by drugs such as Antabuse), so that the behaviour becomes associated with discomfort and is avoided.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - average linkage between groups method
In cluster analysis, the average linkage between groups method defines the distance between two clusters as the average of all pairwise distances formed by taking one case from each cluster. It is also called UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages) and differs from single-linkage and complete-linkage approaches by using all pair distances rather than only the nearest or farthest.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - average heterozygosity
Average heterozygosity measures genetic variability in a population by estimating the average proportion of organisms that are heterozygous at specified gene loci. Low values—such as reported for cheetahs—may reflect an evolutionary bottleneck and can increase vulnerability to extinction.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - average evoked potential
An average evoked potential (also called an average evoked response, AER) is an evoked brain response whose waveform is obtained by averaging many trials to reduce random noise, and it connects to event-related potentials such as N140, N400, P50, P200, P300, P600, and related measurement concepts.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - available memory
Available memory is a memory that is potentially retrievable, aligning with the cognitive meaning of availability.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autosome
An autosome is any chromosome that is not one of the sex chromosomes (X or Y); autosomal describes what relates to autosomes.


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