TECHNOLOGY 

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KembaraXtra-Computer Terms – bank:
In electronics and computing, a bank refers to a group of similar electrical components that are connected together so that they function as a single unit. For instance, multiple transistors arranged in a grid within a chip can form a block of memory, and several memory chips combined together can create a memory module.


In computer memory systems, a bank may also refer to a section of memory that is organized for convenient access by the processor. Because processors can address only a limited amount of memory at one time, memory banks allow systems to organize and manage larger memory capacities by dividing memory into manageable sections.


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KembaraXtra-Computer Terms – bang path:
A bang path refers to an older style of e-mail addressing used in UUCP (UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Program) systems. In this addressing method, the path of the message from the sender to the destination is explicitly written in the address itself. The address lists the sequence of host computers through which the message must pass before reaching its final destination.


The elements of the address are separated by exclamation marks, which are pronounced “bang.” For example, an address such as name!location indicates a user account followed by the host system. When spoken aloud, this address would be read as “name bang location.” This method has largely been replaced by modern Internet e-mail addressing systems.


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KembaraXtra-Computer Terms – bang:
In computing terminology, bang is the spoken term used to refer to the exclamation mark symbol. It is commonly used when reading or describing commands, file paths, or scripts in technical discussions.


The term is especially common in UNIX-based systems where the exclamation mark appears in commands, scripts, or file names. By pronouncing the symbol as “bang,” users can easily communicate the presence of the character when discussing commands verbally.


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KembaraXtra-Computer Terms – bandwidth test:
A bandwidth test is a benchmark procedure used to measure the speed and performance of a network connection. The test determines both the download and upload capabilities of the connection by sending and receiving data packets across the network.

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Although it has been proposed as a form of commodity market, bandwidth trading faces challenges due to the lack of standardized contracts and immediate provisioning systems. As a result, the practice has not yet become a widely adopted market mechanism in telecommunications.



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KembaraXtra-Computer Terms – authentication:
Authentication is the process used in multiuser or network operating systems to verify the identity of a user attempting to access a system or resource. During authentication, the user provides identifying information such as a username and password. The system compares this information with stored records in an authorized user database. If the provided credentials match the stored information, the system grants the user access to resources according to the permissions assigned to that account. Authentication is a fundamental security mechanism used to protect systems from unauthorized access.


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KembaraXtra-Computer Terms – audit:
In computing, an audit refers to a systematic examination of computer systems, equipment, software programs, operational activities, and procedures in order to evaluate how effectively the overall system is functioning. The purpose of a computer audit is to ensure that systems operate efficiently, securely, and according to established policies or standards. Audits often focus on verifying the integrity of stored data, identifying security weaknesses, ensuring proper use of resources, and confirming that procedures are being followed correctly within an information system.


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KembaraXtra-Computer Terms – audio response:
Audio response refers to sound produced by a computer as an output in reaction to a particular input or command. In many cases this output takes the form of spoken words or synthesized speech generated by the system. Such sound may be created by combining prerecorded digital sound fragments stored in a vocabulary library or by generating speech using phoneme-based synthesis techniques. Audio response systems are commonly used in applications such as voice feedback systems, accessibility tools, and automated information services.


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KembaraXtra-Computer Terms – audio output port:
An audio output port is an electronic circuit within a computer that converts digital audio signals generated by the system into analog signals that can be heard through speakers or headphones. This conversion is performed using a digital-to-analog converter, which transforms the digital data representing sound into electrical signals suitable for audio playback. The audio output port typically works together with an amplifier and external speakers to produce audible sound from the computer.


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KembaraXtra-Computer Terms – audiotex:
Audiotex is a communication application that enables users to send and receive information through a telephone system. In an audiotex service, a user calls a designated telephone number and interacts with an automated voice response system that presents a sequence of options or questions. The user can respond by pressing the keys on a touch-tone telephone or by speaking responses aloud. Based on the user’s selections, the system accesses a database and retrieves the requested information. The information is then converted into spoken output through a voice mail or voice response system so the caller can hear it. In some cases, the system may also record and store information entered by the caller. Audiotex systems have been used for services such as information retrieval, surveys, banking services, and automated customer support.


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KembaraXtra-Computer Terms – audiovisual:
Audiovisual refers to any material or technology that combines both visual and auditory elements to present information. This means that information is delivered through both sight and sound simultaneously, making it easier for users to understand and engage with the content. Examples of audiovisual materials include videos, multimedia presentations, educational films, and interactive learning systems that integrate images, text, animation, narration, and sound effects to communicate ideas more effectively.


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