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Poisonous Plant – Poison Sumac
Anacardiaceae (Rhus vernix) Identification: 7–15 leaflets with white fruit (berries hanging from delicate stalks), shrub growing to 10' with compound leaves.
Habitat: Eastern United States wetlands, bogs, marshes, and hemlock forests.
irritants/toxins: urushiol.
Symptoms: comparable to those of poison ivy and poison sumac, itching, blistering, inflammation, and contact dermatitis are caused by this.
First Aid: As soon as possible (up to an hour or even two hours) after exposure, wash your skin thoroughly with soap and water to remove any oils before they have a chance to infiltrate your skin. Wash all clothes and tools well because the oil can linger on them for up to a year. Itching can also be reduced by taking tepid—not hot—water baths with baking soda and/or oatmeal. When used topically, calamine lotion helps sores dry out and reduces itching. Over-the-counter treatments are available that include hydrocortisone, a steroid that can lessen irritation and reduce inflammation. Prescription steroid creams are equally effective but include a higher quantity of hydrocortisone.
Note: I once unintentionally snapped off a poison sumac branch and used it as a staff while trekking. The extent of the rash on my body the day after the climb was astounding and depressing.
Anacardiaceae (Rhus vernix) Identification: 7–15 leaflets with white fruit (berries hanging from delicate stalks), shrub growing to 10' with compound leaves.
Habitat: Eastern United States wetlands, bogs, marshes, and hemlock forests.
irritants/toxins: urushiol.
Symptoms: comparable to those of poison ivy and poison sumac, itching, blistering, inflammation, and contact dermatitis are caused by this.
First Aid: As soon as possible (up to an hour or even two hours) after exposure, wash your skin thoroughly with soap and water to remove any oils before they have a chance to infiltrate your skin. Wash all clothes and tools well because the oil can linger on them for up to a year. Itching can also be reduced by taking tepid—not hot—water baths with baking soda and/or oatmeal. When used topically, calamine lotion helps sores dry out and reduces itching. Over-the-counter treatments are available that include hydrocortisone, a steroid that can lessen irritation and reduce inflammation. Prescription steroid creams are equally effective but include a higher quantity of hydrocortisone.
Note: I once unintentionally snapped off a poison sumac branch and used it as a staff while trekking. The extent of the rash on my body the day after the climb was astounding and depressing.
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Poisonous Plant – Stinging Nettle
Urticacea (Urtica dioica)
Indetification : erect, tall, square perennial plant with a grooved stem studded with stinging hairs; dark green, rough, heart-to oval-shaped, and toothed leaves; green blooms that are born in the leaf axils and produce a profusion of green seeds. one plant having both sexes and a few plants with distinct sexes.
Habitat: roadsides, peripheral areas, marshes, marshy places, fields' edges, and streamsides across the country.
Toxins and irritants: acetylcholine, histamine, choline, and formic acid.
Symptoms: rash that instantly burns and itches when it comes into contact with stinging hairs.
First Aid: limited in scope; certain individuals are more vulnerable than others. Applying mullein leaf or the juice from spotted touch-me-nots, also known as jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), to the affected area works well. Just smash the leaves and stems and rub the area.
Remark: nettles are used to massage arthritic joints; they are a counterirritant.
It is not advised to whip the arthritic area as this would only offer short respite from pain and inflammation. It is approved by commission e for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (bPH). Prostate enlargement symptoms have been effectively treated with a combination of saw palmetto and nettle root. In Russia, tincture made from nettle roots that have been soaked and processed in alcohol is used to treat gall bladder irritation and hepatitis. In the US, nettle root extract has also been studied for the management of prostatic hyperplasia.
Urticacea (Urtica dioica)
Indetification : erect, tall, square perennial plant with a grooved stem studded with stinging hairs; dark green, rough, heart-to oval-shaped, and toothed leaves; green blooms that are born in the leaf axils and produce a profusion of green seeds. one plant having both sexes and a few plants with distinct sexes.
Habitat: roadsides, peripheral areas, marshes, marshy places, fields' edges, and streamsides across the country.
Toxins and irritants: acetylcholine, histamine, choline, and formic acid.
Symptoms: rash that instantly burns and itches when it comes into contact with stinging hairs.
First Aid: limited in scope; certain individuals are more vulnerable than others. Applying mullein leaf or the juice from spotted touch-me-nots, also known as jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), to the affected area works well. Just smash the leaves and stems and rub the area.
Remark: nettles are used to massage arthritic joints; they are a counterirritant.
It is not advised to whip the arthritic area as this would only offer short respite from pain and inflammation. It is approved by commission e for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (bPH). Prostate enlargement symptoms have been effectively treated with a combination of saw palmetto and nettle root. In Russia, tincture made from nettle roots that have been soaked and processed in alcohol is used to treat gall bladder irritation and hepatitis. In the US, nettle root extract has also been studied for the management of prostatic hyperplasia.
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Poisonous Plant – Hops
cannabaceae (Humulus lupulus)
identification: climbing perennial with pencil-thick stems that do not turn woody. The plant spreads and climbs through shrubs. The opposite, three to five-lobed, and serrated leaves. Male flowers are small, inconspicuous, and have a yellowish green color. A fruit cone emerges from the several florets that make up female flowers.
cone's color might range from yellow to gray based on whether it's dried or fresh. The bitter alkaloid is found in the cone's scales.
Habitat: This plant, which has evaded agriculture, is found in meadows, marshes, and the margins of wooded areas. Cultivated areas can be found in northern Idaho, Canada, the Okanagan region of Washington, northeastern Washington state, and east of Seattle.
Toxins/irritants: Allergy symptoms have been reported when hops, pollen, and leaves have come into contact. The plant and, in certain cases, a bacteria on the plant (Pantoea agglomerans) are the cause of the dermatitis; fertilizers and pesticides have been ruled out as the cause. Certain hop oils and acids cause positive reactions in allergy-sensitive people.
Contact dermatitis is the symptom. Workplace risk for those who grow and harvest beer crops for the beer business; also a brewery risk for dermatitis. It's interesting to note that a hops water-soluble extract has prevented rats from ovulating. It usually appears on the sides of the fingers as tiny, weeping papules and vesicles.
First Aid: keep distance, mask, gloves, and long sleeves. The condition is limiting itself.
Notes: Although later study has not supported the initial findings, floral tea may have estrogenic effects. German Commission E authorized for use as a sleep aid to treat anxiety and insomnia. Studies on animals and in vitro cultures have demonstrated the antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties of the plant's flavonoids. It is a diuretic, just like a lot other plant teas. In experiments on mice, humulon decreased the mean number of tumors in animals given cancer. In a different human trial, hops along with motherwort, valerian, and balm helped alcoholics sleep better. In related studies, the University of Chicago is finishing up a study on hops' ability to effectively induce sleep. Related research indicates that melatonin is a reasonably safe substitute for hop allergy sufferers. Hops can be added to a clean pair of panty hose, tied off, and submerged in hot bath water for a soothing steam bath. Alternatively, construct a sweat lodge out of a dome tent, cover it with a blanket and tarp, and that, heat the stones over an open flame until they are hot. Then, put the stones in a sizable metal container that has been enameled and transfer it to the tent's floor. To prevent scorching the floor of the tent, set the metal tub on boards. Use a long-handled ladle to gently dip water over the rocks, then place hops and cedar boughs soaked in water on the heated stones. The resulting steam will provide therapeutic scents to warm the cabin. Some reports claim that smoking hops may have a slight sleepy effect. To produce a sleep aid, mix a 6-ounce cup of hot water—just off the boil—with roughly 1 teaspoon of dried flowers. Cover, let cool, then sip.
cannabaceae (Humulus lupulus)
identification: climbing perennial with pencil-thick stems that do not turn woody. The plant spreads and climbs through shrubs. The opposite, three to five-lobed, and serrated leaves. Male flowers are small, inconspicuous, and have a yellowish green color. A fruit cone emerges from the several florets that make up female flowers.
cone's color might range from yellow to gray based on whether it's dried or fresh. The bitter alkaloid is found in the cone's scales.
Habitat: This plant, which has evaded agriculture, is found in meadows, marshes, and the margins of wooded areas. Cultivated areas can be found in northern Idaho, Canada, the Okanagan region of Washington, northeastern Washington state, and east of Seattle.
Toxins/irritants: Allergy symptoms have been reported when hops, pollen, and leaves have come into contact. The plant and, in certain cases, a bacteria on the plant (Pantoea agglomerans) are the cause of the dermatitis; fertilizers and pesticides have been ruled out as the cause. Certain hop oils and acids cause positive reactions in allergy-sensitive people.
Contact dermatitis is the symptom. Workplace risk for those who grow and harvest beer crops for the beer business; also a brewery risk for dermatitis. It's interesting to note that a hops water-soluble extract has prevented rats from ovulating. It usually appears on the sides of the fingers as tiny, weeping papules and vesicles.
First Aid: keep distance, mask, gloves, and long sleeves. The condition is limiting itself.
Notes: Although later study has not supported the initial findings, floral tea may have estrogenic effects. German Commission E authorized for use as a sleep aid to treat anxiety and insomnia. Studies on animals and in vitro cultures have demonstrated the antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties of the plant's flavonoids. It is a diuretic, just like a lot other plant teas. In experiments on mice, humulon decreased the mean number of tumors in animals given cancer. In a different human trial, hops along with motherwort, valerian, and balm helped alcoholics sleep better. In related studies, the University of Chicago is finishing up a study on hops' ability to effectively induce sleep. Related research indicates that melatonin is a reasonably safe substitute for hop allergy sufferers. Hops can be added to a clean pair of panty hose, tied off, and submerged in hot bath water for a soothing steam bath. Alternatively, construct a sweat lodge out of a dome tent, cover it with a blanket and tarp, and that, heat the stones over an open flame until they are hot. Then, put the stones in a sizable metal container that has been enameled and transfer it to the tent's floor. To prevent scorching the floor of the tent, set the metal tub on boards. Use a long-handled ladle to gently dip water over the rocks, then place hops and cedar boughs soaked in water on the heated stones. The resulting steam will provide therapeutic scents to warm the cabin. Some reports claim that smoking hops may have a slight sleepy effect. To produce a sleep aid, mix a 6-ounce cup of hot water—just off the boil—with roughly 1 teaspoon of dried flowers. Cover, let cool, then sip.
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Poison Oak - Poison Oaks Anacardiaceae (Toxicodendron diversiloba)
Identification: a tiny plant with more deeply cleft lobes than poison ivy. The leaves are hairy, glossy, and stemless.
Habitat: Usually found in California's canyons and mountain valleys in the West. an eastern variant as well.
irritants/toxins: urushiol.
Itching, redness, and contact dermatitis are the symptoms.
First aid: treat with benadryl, calamine lotion, and oatmeal baths; in extreme situations, use prescription or over-the-counter prednisone and other anti-inflammatory drugs. Similar to poison ivy and poison sumac.
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Poisonous Plant - Poison ivy
(Toxicodendron radicans) Anacardiaceae
Identification features include a hairy, climbing vine or shrub, three-striated leaves, and pale yellow or white fruit. With hairs, vines cling to trees.
Habitat: Fence rows, fields, waste ground, woods, and dunes, pretty much wherever from coast to coast and north to south.
Toxins/irritants: Urushiol, an oily resin.
Contact dermatitis symptoms include inflammation, blistering, reddening, and itching, which can last for many days.
First Aid: Avoid the sun when you have facial inflammation. Use jewelweed, also known as spotted touch-me-nots, to soothe itching and redness. Calamine lotion, tricalm without steroids, Zanfel wash, and corticosteroids like prednisone are just a few medicinal treatments available. The dermatitis usually goes away on its own in two weeks or less.
Remark: This rash and its accompanying discomfort can often be avoided by giving the area a good scrub down with soap and water within an hour of contact.
(Toxicodendron radicans) Anacardiaceae
Identification features include a hairy, climbing vine or shrub, three-striated leaves, and pale yellow or white fruit. With hairs, vines cling to trees.
Habitat: Fence rows, fields, waste ground, woods, and dunes, pretty much wherever from coast to coast and north to south.
Toxins/irritants: Urushiol, an oily resin.
Contact dermatitis symptoms include inflammation, blistering, reddening, and itching, which can last for many days.
First Aid: Avoid the sun when you have facial inflammation. Use jewelweed, also known as spotted touch-me-nots, to soothe itching and redness. Calamine lotion, tricalm without steroids, Zanfel wash, and corticosteroids like prednisone are just a few medicinal treatments available. The dermatitis usually goes away on its own in two weeks or less.
Remark: This rash and its accompanying discomfort can often be avoided by giving the area a good scrub down with soap and water within an hour of contact.
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Poisonous Plant - Skunk Cabbage
Araceae (Symplocarpus foetidus, Lysichitum americanus) identification: large, green, elephant-ear-like leaves are lustrous and waxy in appearance with a “skunky” odor when torn. The flower is a colorful, antique sheath encircling a flower spike that resembles a club (spadix).
Habitat: Lowlands, bogs, and other wetlands with a tree cover are home to both western and eastern species.
Toxins: calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); do not use this plant's fresh portions for food or medicinal purposes.
Symptoms include a burning feeling when consumed uncooked and difficulty swallowing since oxalates are corrosive. Pain and stress usually cause respiration and heart rate to increase if consumed. Additionally, be prepared for numbness, burning in the lips, mouth, and tongue, swelling in the lips or tongue, and gastrointestinal symptoms such diarrhea, nausea, and stomach pain.
First Aid: self-limiting; seek medical attention by fleeing to the emergency room. The doctor might advise emptying the stomach or prescribe medications like Mylanta to soothe the digestive tract. If the person has stomach or intestinal involvement, they should drink a lot of water. Administered drugs can be famotidine, diphenhydramine, or adrenaline. The anaphylactic reaction is treated.
One of the first plants to bloom, pushing through ice and snow before flowering, this uncommon endothermic plant generates heat.
Araceae (Symplocarpus foetidus, Lysichitum americanus) identification: large, green, elephant-ear-like leaves are lustrous and waxy in appearance with a “skunky” odor when torn. The flower is a colorful, antique sheath encircling a flower spike that resembles a club (spadix).
Habitat: Lowlands, bogs, and other wetlands with a tree cover are home to both western and eastern species.
Toxins: calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); do not use this plant's fresh portions for food or medicinal purposes.
Symptoms include a burning feeling when consumed uncooked and difficulty swallowing since oxalates are corrosive. Pain and stress usually cause respiration and heart rate to increase if consumed. Additionally, be prepared for numbness, burning in the lips, mouth, and tongue, swelling in the lips or tongue, and gastrointestinal symptoms such diarrhea, nausea, and stomach pain.
First Aid: self-limiting; seek medical attention by fleeing to the emergency room. The doctor might advise emptying the stomach or prescribe medications like Mylanta to soothe the digestive tract. If the person has stomach or intestinal involvement, they should drink a lot of water. Administered drugs can be famotidine, diphenhydramine, or adrenaline. The anaphylactic reaction is treated.
One of the first plants to bloom, pushing through ice and snow before flowering, this uncommon endothermic plant generates heat.
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Poisonous Plant – Pokeweed
Phytolaccaceae (Phytolacca americana) identification: Ovate leaves, pointed at tip; purple stem when mature; elongated clusters of purple berries. grows from a big rootstock with thick, purple, hollow stems. May reach a height of 10 feet.
The plant's habitat includes gardens, waste areas, empty lots, and the edges of wooded areas.
Toxins: every portion, especially the root, is toxic. Formic acid, tannin, phytolaccine, and resinous acid are chemically active compounds. Saponins are the parts of the plant that are harmful.
Symptoms: consuming undercooked vegetables can cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping in the abdomen, dermatitis, dizziness, and weakness. Seizures, low blood pressure, fast heartbeat, blocking of the electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract, and even death are possible outcomes in both acute and advanced reactions.
First Aid: Within 24 hours, symptoms go away with a mild dosage that is self-limiting. Ingestion of large amounts is a medical emergency; remove the patient.
Note: Red food coloring is made by the food industry from the juice of the berries. Pokeweed tincture or alcohol extract is used by farmers and dairy farmers to lessen udder swelling in cows. Pick young green leaves before the stems turn purple for best safety. Young green leaves can be eaten after being thoroughly cooked in a change of water and then sautéed. Pokeweed antiviral protein, or PaP, has been proven in lab studies to have anticancer effects in mice and to have antiviral properties against viruses like the human immunodeficiency virus and herpes. Certain formulations of PaP may prove effective against hormone-dependent cancer cells, such as those found in ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers, according to other studies.
Phytolaccaceae (Phytolacca americana) identification: Ovate leaves, pointed at tip; purple stem when mature; elongated clusters of purple berries. grows from a big rootstock with thick, purple, hollow stems. May reach a height of 10 feet.
The plant's habitat includes gardens, waste areas, empty lots, and the edges of wooded areas.
Toxins: every portion, especially the root, is toxic. Formic acid, tannin, phytolaccine, and resinous acid are chemically active compounds. Saponins are the parts of the plant that are harmful.
Symptoms: consuming undercooked vegetables can cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping in the abdomen, dermatitis, dizziness, and weakness. Seizures, low blood pressure, fast heartbeat, blocking of the electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract, and even death are possible outcomes in both acute and advanced reactions.
First Aid: Within 24 hours, symptoms go away with a mild dosage that is self-limiting. Ingestion of large amounts is a medical emergency; remove the patient.
Note: Red food coloring is made by the food industry from the juice of the berries. Pokeweed tincture or alcohol extract is used by farmers and dairy farmers to lessen udder swelling in cows. Pick young green leaves before the stems turn purple for best safety. Young green leaves can be eaten after being thoroughly cooked in a change of water and then sautéed. Pokeweed antiviral protein, or PaP, has been proven in lab studies to have anticancer effects in mice and to have antiviral properties against viruses like the human immunodeficiency virus and herpes. Certain formulations of PaP may prove effective against hormone-dependent cancer cells, such as those found in ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers, according to other studies.
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Poisonous Plant - Moonseed
menispermaceae (Menispermum canadense)
Identification: 33-foot-tall, woody vine with green shoots creeping up.
The leaves have a pointy tip and are rounded or heart-shaped. Occasionally, they are not round and have three shallow palmate lobes that range in width from 6 to 10 inches. Unripe green fruit can be mistaken for wild grapes; ripe fruit is toxic and red, and the seed has a crescent moon form on it. To find the crescent, remove the seed from the fruit.
Habitat: Found in the eastern United States and Canada's wetlands, lowlands, waste grounds, streams, and pond edges. Check seed for crescent; habitat overlaps and might be confused with wild grape.
Toxins: The Canadian moonseed fruit is lethal when consumed. The fruit has an awful flavor, and most people spit it out of their mouths very fast after eating it. The main poisons are the bitter alkaloids, berberine, and menispine.
Convulsions and any combination of the following symptoms may be present: upset stomach, vomiting, watery eyes and nose, gastroenteritis, bloody diarrhea, lip and mouth irritation, dysphagia, difficulty breathing, excessive salivation, shock, and maybe even death.
A medical emergency is first aid. Make a call to the poison control hotline and leave right away. One could empty their stomach.
Note: the cherokee utilized the root infusion as a diuretic, laxative, and remedy for arthritis and sexual illnesses.
menispermaceae (Menispermum canadense)
Identification: 33-foot-tall, woody vine with green shoots creeping up.
The leaves have a pointy tip and are rounded or heart-shaped. Occasionally, they are not round and have three shallow palmate lobes that range in width from 6 to 10 inches. Unripe green fruit can be mistaken for wild grapes; ripe fruit is toxic and red, and the seed has a crescent moon form on it. To find the crescent, remove the seed from the fruit.
Habitat: Found in the eastern United States and Canada's wetlands, lowlands, waste grounds, streams, and pond edges. Check seed for crescent; habitat overlaps and might be confused with wild grape.
Toxins: The Canadian moonseed fruit is lethal when consumed. The fruit has an awful flavor, and most people spit it out of their mouths very fast after eating it. The main poisons are the bitter alkaloids, berberine, and menispine.
Convulsions and any combination of the following symptoms may be present: upset stomach, vomiting, watery eyes and nose, gastroenteritis, bloody diarrhea, lip and mouth irritation, dysphagia, difficulty breathing, excessive salivation, shock, and maybe even death.
A medical emergency is first aid. Make a call to the poison control hotline and leave right away. One could empty their stomach.
Note: the cherokee utilized the root infusion as a diuretic, laxative, and remedy for arthritis and sexual illnesses.
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Poisonous Plant -Jack in the Pulpit
Araceae (Arisaema triphyllum) Identification: one plant, usually with a central stalk for blooming. If you put a little imagination to work, you can picture a preacher in a pulpit. Flower is a spathe and spadix.
Habitat: The eastern and central United States' moist woodlands.
toxins: oxalate of calcium.
Symptoms: If not prepared correctly (or even palatable), this plant can be harmful and contraceptive. burning sensation in the mouth and throat; consumption causes vomiting, diarrhea, swollen lips, sore eyes, nausea, and slurred speech.
First Aid: avoid making someone throw up.
Use a cold, damp cloth to wipe your mouth. Unless directed differently by a qualified healthcare provider, give the patient milk to drink (i.e., no milk if the patient is vomiting, experiencing convulsions, or has any diminished degree of alertness that may make it hard to swallow). Go to the emergency department to receive medical attention. stomach could be cleared. If there is stomach and intestinal involvement, a lot of water may be given. Medication may consist of famotidine, diphenhydramine, or adrenaline. The anaphylactic reaction is treated.
Regarding skin contact: Use water to cleanse the skin. If any plant matter got in your eyes, wash them out with water.
Note: I experienced tremendous stress, elevated heart rate, tongue burn, and similar symptoms to a panic attack as a result of my calcium oxalate poisoning. Mylanta and water were the doctor's recommendations, and they were successful. After drying the root and seemingly denaturing the oxalate, Native Americans roasted the bulbous growths for sustenance.
Araceae (Arisaema triphyllum) Identification: one plant, usually with a central stalk for blooming. If you put a little imagination to work, you can picture a preacher in a pulpit. Flower is a spathe and spadix.
Habitat: The eastern and central United States' moist woodlands.
toxins: oxalate of calcium.
Symptoms: If not prepared correctly (or even palatable), this plant can be harmful and contraceptive. burning sensation in the mouth and throat; consumption causes vomiting, diarrhea, swollen lips, sore eyes, nausea, and slurred speech.
First Aid: avoid making someone throw up.
Use a cold, damp cloth to wipe your mouth. Unless directed differently by a qualified healthcare provider, give the patient milk to drink (i.e., no milk if the patient is vomiting, experiencing convulsions, or has any diminished degree of alertness that may make it hard to swallow). Go to the emergency department to receive medical attention. stomach could be cleared. If there is stomach and intestinal involvement, a lot of water may be given. Medication may consist of famotidine, diphenhydramine, or adrenaline. The anaphylactic reaction is treated.
Regarding skin contact: Use water to cleanse the skin. If any plant matter got in your eyes, wash them out with water.
Note: I experienced tremendous stress, elevated heart rate, tongue burn, and similar symptoms to a panic attack as a result of my calcium oxalate poisoning. Mylanta and water were the doctor's recommendations, and they were successful. After drying the root and seemingly denaturing the oxalate, Native Americans roasted the bulbous growths for sustenance.
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Poisonous Plant – Horse nettle
Solanum (Solanum carolinense)
Identification: 3' tall, prickly plant. leaves and spine-adorned stalks. huge teethed leaves that are coarse and uneven; white bloom with yellow reproductive organs.
Fields, waste areas, and roadside areas from coast to coast make up the habitat.
Toxins: solanum and alkaloids.
Symptoms: gut and stomach ache, vomiting.
First Aid: While fatalities are uncommon, prompt medical attention is required. Children experience fatal intoxications more frequently. Emeses, hydration replenishment, and supportive care—including gastroenteritis treatment—are all necessary for first aid.
Note: Toxic berry resembles a little tomato and appears appetizing.
Solanum (Solanum carolinense)
Identification: 3' tall, prickly plant. leaves and spine-adorned stalks. huge teethed leaves that are coarse and uneven; white bloom with yellow reproductive organs.
Fields, waste areas, and roadside areas from coast to coast make up the habitat.
Toxins: solanum and alkaloids.
Symptoms: gut and stomach ache, vomiting.
First Aid: While fatalities are uncommon, prompt medical attention is required. Children experience fatal intoxications more frequently. Emeses, hydration replenishment, and supportive care—including gastroenteritis treatment—are all necessary for first aid.
Note: Toxic berry resembles a little tomato and appears appetizing.
